ASP.NET MVC, WebApi, SignalR और UnityContainer

यह ज्ञात है कि सभी अच्छे जेडी अपनी परियोजनाओं में निर्भरता इंजेक्शन ( अनुवाद ) का उपयोग करते हैं, इससे रक्त में मिडीक्लोरियंस की एकाग्रता और आवेदन में कोड की कसौटी बढ़ जाती है। इस लेख में मैं ASP.NET अनुप्रयोग में यूनिटीकोर्नर का उपयोग करने के कुछ पहलुओं पर विचार करना चाहता हूं, अर्थात्, ASP.NET MVC और WebApi में कंट्रोलर कंस्ट्रक्टर्स के माध्यम से निर्भरता इंजेक्शन का उपयोग करना और सिग्नलआर में हब। एक उदाहरण अनुप्रयोग मौजूद है।

सिद्धांत

मान लें कि हमारे पास एक खुला, सार्वभौमिक रिपॉजिटरी इंटरफ़ेस है:

public interface IRepository<T> : IDisposable { IEnumerable<string> GetData(); } 

और हम वास्तव में नियंत्रक में इस भंडार का एक उदाहरण प्राप्त करना चाहते हैं, लेकिन एक विशिष्ट प्रकार के साथ। मैंने इस उदाहरण को उद्देश्य पर चुना है, क्योंकि EntityFramework के साथ काम करते समय एक समान सिद्धांत अक्सर उपयोग किया जाता है। इसके अलावा, यह आपको उन कठिनाइयों को प्रदर्शित करने की अनुमति देता है, जो आपको नियंत्रक में इस प्रकार की कोशिश करते समय सामना कर सकते हैं। आइए संभावित विकल्पों पर विचार करें।

सेवा लोकेटर का उपयोग करना

इस मामले में, हम बस कंटेनर उदाहरण को एक स्थिर क्षेत्र में संग्रहीत करते हैं और यदि आवश्यक हो, तो इसमें से आवश्यक वस्तुएं प्राप्त करें।

  public static class Global { public static readonly IUnityContainer ServiceLocator = new UnityContainer(); } 

एप्लिकेशन लोड करते समय हम Global.asax में एक विशिष्ट वर्ग को पंजीकृत करते हैं।

 Global.ServiceLocator.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); 

हमें नियंत्रक में रिपॉजिटरी मिलती है।

  public ActionResult Index() { var repository = Global.ServiceLocator.Resolve<IRepository<int>>(); var data = repository.GetData(); return View(data); } 

सब कुछ ठीक काम करता है, और कोड की मात्रा न्यूनतम है। समस्या यह है कि अब हमारा नियंत्रक Global.ServiceLocator पर निर्भर करता है। यह, निश्चित रूप से, एक विशेष वर्ग पर निर्भरता के रूप में डरावना नहीं है, लेकिन यह परीक्षण के दौरान निर्णायक रूप से ज़हर भी हो सकता है, खासकर अगर परीक्षण कई थ्रेड्स में समानांतर में चलते हैं, और प्रत्येक परीक्षण अपने स्वयं के रिपोजिटरी कार्यान्वयन का उपयोग करना चाहता है।

निर्भरता रिज़ॉल्वर का उपयोग करना

ASP.NET MVC, WebApi, और सिग्नलआर उत्कृष्ट विस्तार विकल्प प्रदान करते हैं, विशेष रूप से निर्भरता को हल करने के लिए बुनियादी ढांचे द्वारा उपयोग किए जाने वाले मानक DependencyResolvers को बदलने की क्षमता। ऐसा करने के लिए, आप निम्नलिखित लेख पढ़ सकते हैं:

• ASP.NET MVC 4 में इसे कैसे करें;
• वेब एपीआई में इसे कैसे करें ;
• सिग्नलआर में यह कैसे करना है;

सभी मामलों में, हमें अपना स्वयं का वर्ग बनाने की आवश्यकता है जो आवश्यक IDependencyResolver लागू करता है। IDependencyResolver और इसे उपयुक्त बुनियादी ढांचे में पंजीकृत करता है। मैं यह नोट करना चाहता हूं कि प्रत्येक मामले में, इन इंटरफेस का एक ही नाम है, लेकिन विभिन्न नामस्थानों में हैं और थोड़ा अलग तरीके हैं। लेकिन उनमें एक बात समान है: यदि अनुरोधित प्रकार को हल नहीं किया जा सकता है, तो वे null । या वे सिग्नलआरआर के मामले में, इस प्रकार को डिफॉल्ट डिपेंडेंसीइंडोल्वर में खोजने की कोशिश करते हैं, क्योंकि यह इस बात में है कि इसके बुनियादी ढांचे के सभी घटक पंजीकृत हैं। जाहिर है, यह व्यवहार IUnitiContainer.Resolve() विधि से मौलिक रूप से अलग IUnitiContainer.Resolve() , जो इस मामले में केवल एक अपवाद को फेंकता है।

ऐसा लगता है, क्या समस्या है? एक्सटेंशन विधि का उपयोग करें IUnityContainer.IsRegistered() और, यदि प्रकार पंजीकृत नहीं है, तो null लौटें।

  public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) { var isRegistered = true; var typeToCheck = typeof (T); if (typeToCheck.IsInterface || typeToCheck.IsAbstract) { isRegistered = container.IsRegistered(typeToCheck); if (!isRegistered && typeToCheck.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = typeToCheck.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); isRegistered = container.IsRegistered(openGenericType); } } return isRegistered ? container.Resolve<T>() : default(T); } 

उपरोक्त उदाहरण Unity.MVC3 के कार्यान्वयन से लिया गया है। उनकी एकमात्र समस्या यह है कि हमारे उदाहरण में यह काम नहीं करेगा।

System.ArgumentException: आपूर्ति की गई प्रकार IRepository`1 में लक्ष्य प्रकार रिपोजिटरी`1 के समान सामान्य तर्क नहीं होते हैं।

ठीक है, चलो try/catch का उपयोग करके देखें।

  public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) { try { return container.Resolve<T>(); } catch (Exception) { return default(T); } } 

यहां तक ​​कि यह देखते हुए कि अपवाद के माध्यम से थ्रेड प्रवाह का प्रबंधन करना बुरा अभ्यास है, इस पद्धति में छोटे प्रदर्शन के मुद्दे हैं।

100000 पुनरावृत्तियों के साथ समय की बाध्यता।

1. बीता हुआ (पंजीकृत होने पर हल करें): 00.38940s
2. बीता हुआ (पंजीकृत होने पर TryResolve): 00.37679s
3. बीता हुआ (जब पंजीकृत नहीं है, तो कोशिश करें): 00.00393s
4. समाप्त (पंजीकृत होने पर IsRegistered के साथ हल करें): 01.00460s
5. समाप्त (पंजीकृत होने पर IsRegistered के साथ हल करें): 00.72297s
6. समाप्त (पंजीकृत होने पर अपवाद के साथ हल करें): 00.32938s
7. बीता हुआ (पंजीकृत होने पर अपवाद के साथ हल): ०५.६०३३२

पहली पंक्ति बिना किसी चेक के Resolve विधि के लिए एक साधारण कॉल का उपयोग करते समय परीक्षा परिणाम दिखाती है। दूसरे और तीसरे में - TryResolve विधि, जिसके TryResolve नीचे TryResolve की जाएगी। चौथे और पांचवें में - IsRegistered() माध्यम से जाँच। पिछले दो में, try/catch का उपयोग कर। यह देखा जा सकता है कि तीसरी और सातवीं पंक्तियों में निष्पादन का समय 1,500 गुना है। यह, ज़ाहिर है, एक वास्तविक अनुप्रयोग में अदृश्य हो सकता है, लेकिन, फिर भी, यह सुखद नहीं है।

UnityContainer के आंत्रों में, TryResolve विधि UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys प्रकार के Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , . के प्रकार को एक्सेस करती है Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , . Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

 Dictionary<Type, List>     . ,     ,     null .   ,  TryResolve     ,    ,       ,   ,     Linq         . ,    ,      ,   ,     .         ,  ,    private    internal .         (expression trees)   (reflection). 
 
 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } .... 
     internal  NamedTypesRegistry ,     .  FieldInfo    .      Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;. 
 
 .... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } } 
      ,      ,          .     ,   ,     . 
 
 , ,    UnityContainer        ,  ,   : Test if classes are registered in unity . ,   ,      . 
 
   
 ASP.NET MVC, WebApi  SignalR         I*Activator .  ASP.NET MVC  System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator ,  WebApi  System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator ,  SignalR  Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator .      Create ,            .             . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } } 
 SignalR 
 using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } } 
    . 
 
 using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } } 
        ,  ,  Global.asax .  ,  SignalR      . 
 
 using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } } 
        . 
 
  
      ,          .     ,   GetData()     ,    ,      . ,        . 
 
  public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } } 
    ASP.NET MVC  WebApi      Controllers,    .  ,       System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute  System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute     .      ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application,     ,         . 
 
 ASP.NET MVC 
 using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
 WebApi 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
   Hubs     .     Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute . 
 
 SignalR 
 using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } } 
         .      ,             . 
 
      TypeScript.       TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 ,   Web Essentials 2012 .  ,   ,     Scripts/app .    NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR ,   TypeScript Definitions  .       TypeScript.     ReSharper,           TypeScript,   ,     "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items"   .          AMD . 
 
 /scripts/app/app.ts 
 /// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } } 
    ,    ,     DataHub . ,      *BtnClick ,            . 
 
 <div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> 
     ,  -  ,  require.js    .      ,        ~/signalr/hubs .       init.ts ,    RequireJs .       ,  RequireJs   . 
 
 <script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script> 
  init.ts         .       TypeScript   "Use the AMD module"  true   "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags". 
 
 /scripts/app/init.ts 
 import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); }); 
   export  , ,    .       import  module ,           .      . 
 
  
 
  
    ,       ASP.NET       .      ,          ,    . TypeScript       ,       NuGet   TypeScript Definitions.  , ,    ,  JetBrains   TypeScript   ReSharper    . SignalR    .  ,  WebSockets    Windows7,  ,           ,      . 

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .

Dictionary<Type, List> . , , null . , TryResolve , , , , Linq . , , , , . , , private internal . (expression trees) (reflection).

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Reflection; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace CommonInfrastructure { public static class UnityExtensions { private static readonly Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>> GetRegisteredKeys; private static readonly ResolverOverride[] EmptyResolverOverrides = new ResolverOverride[0]; static UnityExtensions() { // Get information about fileds. var unityType = typeof (UnityContainer); var registryType = Type.GetType("Microsoft.Practices.Unity.NamedTypesRegistry, " + unityType.Assembly.FullName); const BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic; var registeredNamesInfo = unityType.GetField("registeredNames", flags); var registeredKeysInfo = registryType.GetField("registeredKeys", flags); // Create and compile expression to accessing the field // UnityContainer.registeredNames.registeredKeys of type Dictionary<Type, List<string>> var unityParam = Expression.Parameter(unityType); GetRegisteredKeys = Expression .Lambda<Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List<string>>>>( Expression.Field( Expression.Field( unityParam, registeredNamesInfo), registeredKeysInfo), unityParam) .Compile(); } ....
internal NamedTypesRegistry , . FieldInfo . Func<UnityContainer, Dictionary<Type, List>> GetRegisteredKeys = container => container.registeredNames.registeredKeys;.

.... /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested type <typeparamref name="T" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static T TryResolve<T>(this IUnityContainer container) where T : class { return (T) TryResolve(container, typeof (T)); } /// <summary> /// Try to resolve an instance of requested <paramref name="type" /> without name. /// If type is interface or abstract class and it is't registered then return null. /// </summary> public static object TryResolve(this IUnityContainer container, Type type) { bool resolve; if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract) { // Get the dictionary with registered types and names. var keys = GetRegisteredKeys((UnityContainer) container); // Check if interface or abstract type is registered in the container. resolve = IsRegistered(type, keys); // If type still is't registered and it's generic type then check if generic type definition is registered. if (!resolve && type.IsGenericType) { var openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); resolve = IsRegistered(openGenericType, keys); } } else { // If type can be created then resolve it immediately. resolve = true; } // If type is registered then resolve it or return null if nothing was found. return resolve ? container.Resolve(type, null, EmptyResolverOverrides) : null; } private static bool IsRegistered(Type type, Dictionary<Type, List<string>> keys) { List<string> names; if (keys.TryGetValue(type, out names)) { // By default type without name is registered with null string. if (names.Exists(name => ReferenceEquals(name, null))) { return true; } } return false; } } }
, , . , , .

, , UnityContainer , , : Test if classes are registered in unity . , , .


ASP.NET MVC, WebApi SignalR I*Activator . ASP.NET MVC System.Web.Mvc.IControllerActivator , WebApi System.Web.Http.Dispatcher.IHttpControllerActivator , SignalR Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.IHubActivator . Create , . .

ASP.NET MVC
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Routing; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityControllerActivator : IControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IController Create(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return (IController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
WebApi
using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer container) { _container = container; } public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType) { return (IHttpController) _container.Resolve(controllerType); } } }
SignalR
using System.Diagnostics; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; namespace WebApp.Infrastructure { public sealed class UnityHubActivator : IHubActivator { private readonly IUnityContainer _container; public UnityHubActivator(IUnityContainer container) { Debug.Assert(container != null, "container == null"); _container = container; } public IHub Create(HubDescriptor descriptor) { var hubType = descriptor.HubType; return hubType != null ? _container.Resolve(hubType) as IHub : null; } } }
.

using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Dispatcher; using System.Web.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebApp.Infrastructure; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.App_Start { public static class ContainerConfig { public static void Config() { var container = new UnityContainer(); MapTypes(container); // Set resolver to MVC. var controllerActivator = new UnityControllerActivator(container); ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new DefaultControllerFactory(controllerActivator)); // Set resolver to WebApi. var httpControllerActivator = new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container); GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof (IHttpControllerActivator), httpControllerActivator); // Set resolver to SignalR. var hubActivator = new UnityHubActivator(container); GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(typeof (IHubActivator), () => hubActivator); } private static void MapTypes(IUnityContainer container) { container.RegisterType(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(Repository<>)); } } }
, , Global.asax . , SignalR .

using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.Web.Optimization; using System.Web.Routing; using WebApp.App_Start; namespace WebApp { public class MvcApplication : HttpApplication { protected void Application_Start() { ContainerConfig.Config(); SignalRConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); WebApiConfig.Config(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.Config(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.Config(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.Config(BundleTable.Bundles); AuthConfig.Config(); } } }
.


, . , GetData() , , . , .

public sealed class Repository<T> : IRepository<T> { public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { yield return string.Format("Data {0} of type {1}", i, typeof (T)); } } public void Dispose() { Debug.WriteLine("Repository<{0}>.Dispose", typeof (T)); } }
ASP.NET MVC WebApi Controllers, . , System.Web.Mvc.AuthorizeAttribute System.Web.Http.AuthorizeAttribute . ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application - Single Page Application, , .

ASP.NET MVC
using System.Web.Mvc; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] public sealed class DataController : Controller { private readonly IRepository<int> _repository; public DataController(IRepository<int> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET: /Data/ public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Title = "Data from DataController"; var data = _repository.GetData(); return View(data); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
WebApi
using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web.Http; using WebApp.Filters; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Controllers { [Authorize] [ValidateHttpAntiForgeryToken] public sealed class DataWebApiController : ApiController { private readonly IRepository<string> _repository; public DataWebApiController(IRepository<string> repository) { _repository = repository; } // GET /api/DataWebApi/ public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
Hubs . Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.AuthorizeAttribute .

SignalR
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using WebApp.Models; namespace WebApp.Hubs { [Authorize] public sealed class DataHub : Hub { private readonly IRepository<double> _repository; public DataHub(IRepository<double> repository) { _repository = repository; } public IEnumerable<string> GetData() { return _repository.GetData(); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { _repository.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); } } }
. , .

TypeScript. TypeScript for Visual Studio 2012 , Web Essentials 2012 . , , Scripts/app . NuGet : Twitter.Bootstrap , RequireJs , KnockoutJs , jQuery , SignalR , TypeScript Definitions . TypeScript. ReSharper, TypeScript, , "Hide overridden Visual Studio menu items" . AMD .

/scripts/app/app.ts
/// <reference path="../typings/knockout/knockout.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/jquery/jquery.d.ts" /> /// <reference path="../typings/signalr/signalr.d.ts" /> /** * Helper method to creating ajax requests with anti firgery token. * @param type Request type: get, post, delete, put. * @param url A string containing the URL to which the request is sent. * @param data Data to be sent to the server. Before sending serializes to Json format. * @param dataType The type of data that you're expecting back from the server. Default is Json. */ function ajaxRequest(type: string, url: string, data?: any, dataType: string = "json") { var headers = {}; var antiForgeryToken = $("#antiForgeryToken").val(); if (antiForgeryToken) { headers = { 'RequestVerificationToken': antiForgeryToken } } return $.ajax(url, { headers: headers, dataType: dataType, contentType: "application/json", cache: false, type: type, data: data ? data.toJson() : null }); } interface IDataHub { client: {}; server: { getData(): JQueryDeferred; }; } export class AppViewModel { private dataHub: IDataHub; /** If error occurred this field should contain error message. Otherwise it's empty string. */ errorMessage = ko.observable(""); /** Displays optional text. */ text = ko.observable(""); /** Data received from server. */ data = ko.observableArray([]); /** Create ViewModel and connect to hubs. */ constructor() { this.dataHub = $.connection["dataHub"]; $.connection.hub .start() .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from SignalR hub. */ signalrBtnClick() { this.text("SignalR"); this.dataHub.server .getData() .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from WebApi controller. */ apiBtnClick() { this.text("WebApi"); ajaxRequest("get", "/api/dataWebApi") .done(d => this.showData(d)) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } /** Receive data from static page controller. */ staticBtnClick() { ajaxRequest("get", "/Data", null, "html") .done(data => { this.data([]); this.errorMessage(""); this.text(data); }) .fail(e => this.onFail(e)); } private onFail(error: string) { this.text("Error!"); this.data([]); this.errorMessage(error); } private showData(data: string[]) { this.data(data); this.errorMessage(""); } }
, , DataHub . , *BtnClick , .

<div class="row"> <div class="span2"> <div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical" data-toggle="buttons-radio"> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: signalrBtnClick">SignalR</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: apiBtnClick">WebApi</button> <button class="btn span2" data-bind="click: staticBtnClick">Static page</button> </div> </div> <div class="span5"> <div data-bind="visible: errorMessage() != ''"> <span class="text-error" data-bind="text: errorMessage"></span> </div> <div class="well" data-bind="visible: text() != ''"> <p data-bind="html: text"></p> <ol data-bind="foreach: data"> <li><span data-bind="text: $data"></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div>
, - , require.js . , ~/signalr/hubs . init.ts , RequireJs . , RequireJs .

<script src="~/signalr/hubs"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var require = { waitSeconds: 15, urlArgs: "bust=" + new Date().getTime() }; </script> <script data-main="/scripts/app/init" type="text/javascript" src="@Scripts.Url("~/Scripts/require.js")"> </script>
init.ts . TypeScript "Use the AMD module" true "Tools"-"Options"-"Web Essentials"-"TypeScript"-"Compiler flags".

/scripts/app/init.ts
import app = module("app"); $(() => { ko.applyBindings(new app.AppViewModel()); });
export , , . import module , . .




, ASP.NET . , , . TypeScript , NuGet TypeScript Definitions. , , , JetBrains TypeScript ReSharper . SignalR . , WebSockets Windows7, , , .