फिर से शुरू करने योग्य कार्य

पिछले हफ्ते C ++ की दुनिया में एक दिलचस्प घटना घटी। Microsoft ने Visual Studio 2013 में C ++ कंपाइलर के लिए एक अपडेट जारी करने की घोषणा की है। अपने आप में, Visual Studio या उसके सर्विस पैक से अलग से कंपाइलर को अपडेट करना Microsoft के लिए एक गैर-तुच्छ घटना है। लेकिन इससे भी अधिक दिलचस्प है कि इस अपडेट में क्या शामिल है। पूरी सूची ऊपर दिए गए लिंक पर मिल सकती है, और मैं केवल एक बिंदु पर ध्यान केंद्रित करूंगा - फिर से शुरू करने योग्य कार्य। स्थिति की पूरी समझ के लिए: Microsoft ने C ++ मानकीकरण समिति और gcc \ clang डेवलपर्स दोनों की बहुत अच्छी तरह से समीक्षा की है, प्रायोगिक के कार्यान्वयन और भविष्य के अभी तक स्वीकृत सुविधाओं के आधार पर भविष्य के C ++ 17 मानक के अनुमोदित और अभी तक अनुमोदित सुविधाओं के कार्यान्वयन नहीं जारी किए गए हैं। C ++ 14 मानक, जो बदले में C ++ 11 सुविधाओं के सुधार हैं जो अभी तक रोज़मर्रा की प्रोग्रामिंग में शामिल नहीं किए गए हैं।

पर्याप्त गीक चाल, आपको नहीं मिली?

और नीचे बैठक के एक लेख का अनुवाद होगा, जो इस सुविधा के बारे में बताता है और इसका उपयोग कैसे करना है।


हाल ही में एक BUILD सम्मेलन में, हर्ब सटर ने C ++ के भविष्य के बारे में बात की । उनकी बात C ++ 11 और C ++ 14 में सुंदर उदाहरणों से भरी थी। और अचानक, कहीं से भी बाहर - एक फिर से शुरू करने योग्य कार्य। जड़ी बूटी, std :: future और resumable functions का वर्णन करने वाले दस्तावेज़ के लेखकों में से एक है, इसलिए उनका बहुत उल्लेख मेरे लिए आश्चर्यचकित करने वाला नहीं था, लेकिन मुझे आश्चर्य हुआ कि उन्होंने इस विषय पर कितना ध्यान दिया और इस तथ्य का उल्लेख किया कि फिर से शुरू करना फ़ंक्शंस को विज़ुअल स्टूडियो 2013 में अपडेट में शामिल किया जाएगा (भले ही VS2013 की रिलीज़ में नहीं, लेकिन आईडीई के अगले संस्करण की तुलना में अभी भी बहुत पहले)।

मैं एक छोटे स्पॉइलर के साथ शुरू करूंगा: यह कम से कम C ++ 1y फीचर है, यह C ++ 14 में शामिल नहीं होगा, लेकिन अतुल्यकालिक और समानांतर प्रोग्रामिंग भविष्य में भाषा के विकास की प्रवृत्ति में होगी, इसलिए फिर से शुरू होने वाले फ़ंक्शन नए मानक का एक कार्बनिक हिस्सा बन जाएंगे। भविष्य में, इस सुविधा को सभी संकलक द्वारा समर्थित किया जाएगा, और फिलहाल Microsoft अपने स्वयं के कार्यान्वयन के साथ बाकी से आगे निकल रहा है। यह कोई रहस्य नहीं है कि इस कार्यक्षमता में एस # के साथ async / प्रतीक्षा के साथ कुछ सादृश्य है।

फिर से शुरू करने योग्य कार्य क्या हैं?

यह, वास्तव में, मुख्य प्रश्न है जिसे हम पता लगाने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं। इससे पहले कि मैं यह बताना शुरू करूं कि यह क्या हो सकता है और N3650 दस्तावेज़ उन्हें कैसे परिभाषित करता है , मुझे एक छोटा ब्रेक लेना होगा और आपको यह बताना होगा कि वायदा क्या है, क्योंकि फिर से शुरू होने वाले कार्य इस धारणा पर आधारित हैं कि भविष्य में .then () पद्धति के साथ विस्तार किया जाएगा। जैसा कि दस्तावेज़ N3634 में सुझाया गया है। भविष्य एक अतुल्यकालिक ऑपरेशन का परिणाम है। यह अतुल्यकालिक प्रोग्रामिंग की बुनियादी अवधारणाओं में से एक है। भविष्य एक ऐसी जगह है जहां जानकारी अतुल्यकालिक कार्य की स्थिति और उसके परिणाम पर संग्रहीत होती है, अगर यह पहले से ही उपलब्ध है। आप प्राप्त () विधि को कॉल कर सकते हैं, जो आपके परिणाम को पूरा करने और वापस करने के लिए अतुल्यकालिक ऑपरेशन की प्रतीक्षा करेगा (यह पहले से ही मानक में लागू है), या .then () विधि (जो अभी मानक में नहीं है) के माध्यम से इसके पूरा होने के लिए हैंडलर को पंजीकृत करें। C ++ 11 में .then () की अनुपस्थिति सबसे अधिक आलोचना की गई त्रुटियों में से एक है, इसे संभवतः C ++ 14 में ठीक किया जाएगा, साथ ही std :: future के लिए कुछ अन्य सुधारों के साथ।

सी ++ 11 ने लैम्बदास को सी ++ में जोड़ा, इसलिए संयोजन में यह लैम्बडा फ़ंक्शन (कॉलबैक) के लिए अतुल्यकालिक कॉल की एक श्रृंखला का निर्माण करना संभव बनाता है। अब यह एसिंक्रोनस कार्य का निष्पादन शुरू करने और .then () विधि के माध्यम से पंजीकृत हैंडलर में इसके पूरा होने पर प्रतिक्रिया करना संभव होगा। "सर्वर की प्रतिक्रिया पढ़ें, फिर इसे पार्स करें, फिर इसे प्रोसेस करें, ..." रास्ते में त्रुटि की जाँच और लॉगिंग के साथ। यह दृष्टिकोण कुछ भाषाओं में सामान्य है, लेकिन C ++ में अभी तक नहीं है। इस तरह के एक शक्तिशाली तंत्र की एक अच्छी समझ आपको भविष्य में कोड लिखने के तरीके को गंभीरता से प्रभावित कर सकती है।

एक छोटा उदाहरण std :: future प्रदर्शित करने के लिए:

std::future<int> f_int = make_dummy_future(42); int i = f_int.get() //     f_int.then([](std::future<int> i){/* deal with it */}) //   

एक फिर से शुरू होने वाले फ़ंक्शन का विचार है कि संकलक को एक दूसरे से जुड़े वायदा की श्रृंखला के निर्माण और उन्हें सही तरीके से (।) के माध्यम से कॉल करने का ध्यान रखना चाहिए।
यह मानते हुए दो नए कीवर्ड घोषित करके सुझाव दिया गया है: async और प्रतीक्षा करें। कृपया ध्यान दें कि इसका std :: async लाइब्रेरी से कोई लेना-देना नहीं है, यह एक पुस्तकालय नहीं है, यह प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा का एक विस्तार है। इस फ़ंक्शन को इस async कीवर्ड के साथ, इसकी घोषणा के बाद, लेकिन उत्पन्न अपवादों के लिए इसके विनिर्देशन से पहले चिह्नित किया गया है:

 void resumable_function(int i) async 

तो अब संकलक जानता है कि यह एक फिर से शुरू होने वाला कार्य है। और मजा शुरू होता है। हालांकि यह एक फ़ंक्शन है, यह अभी भी क्षमताओं में काफी सीमित है। इनमें से पहला इसका रिटर्न प्रकार है - यह या तो शून्य या एसटीडी हो सकता है: भविष्य / एसटीडी :: साझा किया गया। शायद वे प्रकार जिन्हें std में परिवर्तित किया जा सकता है :( साझा_) भविष्य की भी अनुमति होगी, लेकिन आम तौर पर निहित रूपांतरण यहां सबसे अच्छा समाधान नहीं हैं, इसलिए शायद समिति एक सख्त प्रकार के मैच का चयन करने का निर्णय लेती है। वर्तमान दस्तावेज़ अभी भी टी की वापसी की अनुमति देता है, इसका अर्थ यह है कि इसे परिवर्तित करना

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 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
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 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
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 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
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 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
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 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
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, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

 std::future. 
 
  resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
 
      .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
 
 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
   resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
 
    , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
 
   
      resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
 
 std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
 
     .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
 
       -  resumable ? 
    ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
 
   resumable  
    -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
 
 future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
 
        resumable : 
 
 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
   resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
 
 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
    " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
     .then()      .             async/await: 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
         task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
 
     .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
 
  .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
 
     , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
 
    
    ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
 
  ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
 
  
     .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
 
        (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
 
    ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
 
  ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
 
  -  N3722 
          resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
 
       ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
 
  get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
   is_ready(),   future 
 
 
     ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
 
  
      ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
 
          yield: 
 
 sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
 
 yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

 std::future. 
 
  resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
 
      .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
 
 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
   resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
 
    , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
 
   
      resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
 
 std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
 
     .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
 
       -  resumable ? 
    ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
 
   resumable  
    -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
 
 future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
 
        resumable : 
 
 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
   resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
 
 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
    " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
     .then()      .             async/await: 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
         task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
 
     .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
 
  .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
 
     , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
 
    
    ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
 
  ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
 
  
     .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
 
        (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
 
    ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
 
  ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
 
  -  N3722 
          resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
 
       ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
 
  get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
   is_ready(),   future 
 
 
     ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
 
  
      ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
 
          yield: 
 
 sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
 
 yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

 std::future. 
 
  resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
 
      .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
 
 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
   resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
 
    , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
 
   
      resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
 
 std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
 
     .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
 
       -  resumable ? 
    ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
 
   resumable  
    -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
 
 future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
 
        resumable : 
 
 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
   resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
 
 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
    " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
     .then()      .             async/await: 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
         task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
 
     .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
 
  .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
 
     , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
 
    
    ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
 
  ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
 
  
     .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
 
        (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
 
    ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
 
  ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
 
  -  N3722 
          resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
 
       ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
 
  get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
   is_ready(),   future 
 
 
     ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
 
  
      ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
 
          yield: 
 
 sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
 
 yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

 std::future. 
 
  resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
 
      .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
 
 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
   resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
 
    , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
 
   
      resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
 
 std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
 
     .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
 
       -  resumable ? 
    ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
 
   resumable  
    -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
 
 future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
 
        resumable : 
 
 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
   resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
 
 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
    " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
     .then()      .             async/await: 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
         task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
 
     .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
 
  .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
 
     , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
 
    
    ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
 
  ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
 
  
     .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
 
        (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
 
    ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
 
  ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
 
  -  N3722 
          resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
 
       ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
 
  get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
   is_ready(),   future 
 
 
     ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
 
  
      ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
 
          yield: 
 
 sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
 
 yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

 std::future. 
 
  resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
 
      .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
 
 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
   resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
 
    , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
 
   
      resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
 
 std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
 
     .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
 
       -  resumable ? 
    ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
 
   resumable  
    -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
 
 future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
 
        resumable : 
 
 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
   resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
 
 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
    " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
     .then()      .             async/await: 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
         task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
 
     .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
 
  .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
 
     , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
 
    
    ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
 
  ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
 
  
     .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
 
        (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
 
    ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
 
  ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
 
  -  N3722 
          resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
 
       ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
 
  get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
   is_ready(),   future 
 
 
     ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
 
  
      ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
 
          yield: 
 
 sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
 
 yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

 std::future. 
 
  resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
 
      .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
 
 std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
 
   resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
 
    , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
 
   
      resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
 
 std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
 
     .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
 
       -  resumable ? 
    ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
 
   resumable  
    -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
 
 future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
 
        resumable : 
 
 future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
 
   resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
 
 std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
    " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
 
     .then()      .             async/await: 
 
 task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
 
         task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
 
     .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
 
  .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
 
     , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
 
    
    ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
 
  ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
 
  
     .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
 
        (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
 
    ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
 
  ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
 
  -  N3722 
          resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
 
       ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
 
  get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
   is_ready(),   future 
 
 
     ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
 
  
      ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
 
          yield: 
 
 sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
 
 yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

• std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .
• std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
resumable . , async resumable. , resumable "resumable", - . await .

, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .

   std::future. 
   
    resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
   
        .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
   
   std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
   
     resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
   
      , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
   
     
        resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
   
   std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
   
       .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
   
         -  resumable ? 
      ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
   
     resumable  
      -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
   
   future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
   
          resumable : 
   
   future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
   
     resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
   
   std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
   
      " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
   
   task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
   
       .then()      .             async/await: 
   
   task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
   
           task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
   
       .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
   
    .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
   
       , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
   
      
      ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
   
    ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
   
    
       .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
   
          (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
   
      ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
   
    ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
   
    -  N3722 
            resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
   
         ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
   
    get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
     is_ready(),   future 
   
   
       ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
   
    
        ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
   
            yield: 
   
   sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
   
   yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 
   std::future. 
   
    resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
   
        .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
   
   std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
   
     resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
   
      , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
   
     
        resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
   
   std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
   
       .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
   
         -  resumable ? 
      ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
   
     resumable  
      -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
   
   future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
   
          resumable : 
   
   future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
   
     resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
   
   std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
   
      " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
   
   task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
   
       .then()      .             async/await: 
   
   task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
   
           task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
   
       .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
   
    .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
   
       , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
   
      
      ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
   
    ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
   
    
       .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
   
          (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
   
      ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
   
    ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
   
    -  N3722 
            resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
   
         ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
   
    get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
     is_ready(),   future 
   
   
       ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
   
    
        ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
   
            yield: 
   
   sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
   
   yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 
   std::future. 
   
    resumable      .    await   ""      future,         .   await      (, ,  "!"). 
   
        .      await  -     std::future,      .    ,      Hartmut Kaiser -    : 
   
   std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; } 
   
     resumable     .   lhs  std::future  ,         await,     std::future  . 
   
      , resumable  -   ,   await  future       .         ,    ,       await.   ,           await.   ,           ,     . 
   
     
        resumable ,      "       ?".  - . ,            .  resumable         .    Thomas Heller    (  )  resumable . 
   
   std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); } 
   
       .  , "dataflow"    await     .        future,   .    ++11  ++14    -     . 
   
         -  resumable ? 
      ,          ,           .    Hartmut Kaiser         ,   resumable   .  ,               \ .               ,           . 
   
     resumable  
      -   (      )  resumable .   -   ,  ,   .         async/await,       (if/else, for  ..).   .     N3650 ,      std::future: 
   
   future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); } 
   
          resumable : 
   
   future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); } 
   
     resumable        (,   ,    ).              .     ,   Herb Sutter     BUILD: 
   
   std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
   
      " " -    future::get()       std::future.        ,  get()  then().  ,  . 
   
   task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); } 
   
       .then()      .             async/await: 
   
   task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; } 
   
           task<std::string> ,            .    await  ,    .then().      __async  __await   ,       Visual Studio. 
   
       .      ,     - .     std::future, auto  .then ,     -     ,        .        resumable .      ,   ,         ,        async/await.   resumable        ,    ""  ,        std::future,         1:0   resumable . 
   
    .   ,  resumable          .    ,        ++?  .     .   .  -    2 :         .      -     ? .   ,       .          .     ?  ?               futures (-    ).   ,         ,   ,     .     resumable       (, )      "  ":    ,   ,            ,          -      " ". 
   
       , resumable     .     std::(shared_)future  void.    ,       boost::future  hpx::future. ,      "",      .   - resumable     VArgs,      -.      ,      variadic templates.    ,  ,  resumable   ,    ,      std::future -       copy/move . 
   
      
      ,      ++14.     -,    ( ?) ++14     (  )  -   .   -    ++11        .   ,      -  ++y1.     resumable  -     (TS),       - WG21.   ,     resumable    ,      .         ,     .    ,     CTP  Visual Studio     ( . :   !).       __async  __await. 
   
    ,         .      ++14   .then()  future, await        std::future::get. 
   
    
       .    -      ,     -   .   resumable    .    ,   Cilk (      - ).   - resumable  -      -  ,    . 
   
          (        __async\__await ?).   resumable   STL  Boost      -  . 
   
      ,  resumable  -   -   (. ). , ,      .  -,         ?       ,    ,  ,   - . 
   
    ,    ,     resumable .  -    resumable lambda functions ?     -    WG21,    2013 . 
   
    -  N3722 
            resumable .     ,    async   resumable.  ,  resumable    "resumable",   - .    await  . 
   
         ,   std::future    .  ,        s,    : 
   
    get(),         then(),   callable object    s, s&  const s.          get(). 
     is_ready(),   future 
   
   
       ,      s::promise_type,     resumable .      set_value(T)  set_exception(exception_ptr).      s::promise_type  s. 
   
    
        ,   " "   "".  STL  ,        ,           ,   -        .    - sequence  ,   ,        ,       ( ). 
   
            yield: 
   
   sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } } 
   
   yield    i       sequence.    sequence   ,      yield.          -     ,    ,  .      yield  await     . 

  std::future.

resumable . await "" future, . await (, , "!").

. await - std::future, . , Hartmut Kaiser - :

std::future<uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) async { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); std::future<uint64_t> rhs = fibonacci(n-2); return await lhs + await rhs; }

resumable . lhs std::future , await, std::future .

, resumable - , await future . , , await. , await. , , .


resumable , " ?". - . , . resumable . Thomas Heller ( ) resumable .

std::future< uint64_t> fibonacci(uint64_t n) { if (n < 2) return std::make_ready_future(n); std::future<uint64_t> lhs_future = std::async(&fibonacci, n-1); //.unwrap(); std::future<uint64_t> rhs_future = fibonacci(n-2); return dataflow( unwrapped([](uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) { return lhs + rhs; }) , lhs_future, rhs_future ); }

. , "dataflow" await . future, . ++11 ++14 - .

- resumable ?
, , . Hartmut Kaiser , resumable . , \ . , .

resumable
- ( ) resumable . - , , . async/await, (if/else, for ..). . N3650 , std::future:

future<int> f(shared_ptr str) { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; return str->read(512, buf) .then([](future<int> op)// lambda 1 { return op.get() + 11; }); } future<void> g() { shared_ptr s = ...; return f(s).then([s](future<int> op) // lambda 2 { s->close(); }); }

resumable :

future<void> f(stream str) async { shared_ptr<vector> buf = ...; int count = await str.read(512, buf); return count + 11; } future g() async { stream s = ...; int pls11 = await f(s); s.close(); }

resumable (, , ). . , Herb Sutter BUILD:

std::string read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { std::istream fi = open(file).get(); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = fi.read().get()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

" " - future::get() std::future. , get() then(). , .

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) { return open(file) .then([=](std::istream fi) { auto ret = std::make_shared<std::string>(); auto next = std::make_shared<std::function<task()>>( [=]{ fi.read() .then([=](std::string chunk) { if( chunk.size() ) { *ret += chunk + suffix; return (*next)(); } return *ret; }); }); return (*next)(); }); }

.then() . async/await:

task<std::string> read( std::string file, std::string suffix ) __async { std::istream fi = __await open(file); std::string ret, chunk; while( (chunk = __await fi.read()).size() ) ret += chunk + suffix; return ret; }

task<std::string> , . await , .then(). __async __await , Visual Studio.

. , - . std::future, auto .then , - , . resumable . , , , async/await. resumable , "" , std::future, 1:0 resumable .

. , resumable . , ++? . . . - 2 : . - ? . , . . ? ? futures (- ). , , , . resumable (, ) " ": , , , - " ".

, resumable . std::(shared_)future void. , boost::future hpx::future. , "", . - resumable VArgs, -. , variadic templates. , , resumable , , std::future - copy/move .


, ++14. -, ( ?) ++14 ( ) - . - ++11 . , - ++y1. resumable - (TS), - WG21. , resumable , . , . , CTP Visual Studio ( . : !). __async __await.

, . ++14 .then() future, await std::future::get.


. - , - . resumable . , Cilk ( - ). - resumable - - , .

( __async\__await ?). resumable STL Boost - .

, resumable - - (. ). , , . -, ? , , , - .

, , resumable . - resumable lambda functions ? - WG21, 2013 .

- N3722
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, std::future . , s, :

get(), then(), callable object s, s& const s. get().
is_ready(), future


, s::promise_type, resumable . set_value(T) set_exception(exception_ptr). s::promise_type s.


, " " "". STL , , , - . - sequence , , , ( ).

yield:

sequence<int> range(int low, int high) resumable { for(int i = low; i <= high; ++i) { yield i; } }

yield i sequence. sequence , yield. - , , . yield await .