ããã¯ãå
ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹èšèšã®ååã®èšäºã翻蚳ãããã®ã§ããããã¶ã€ããŒã«ãªããšããããšã¯ãç°çš®ã®èŠçŽ ãéããããæŽçããããäœããã®åœ¢ã§å€æŽãããããã ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã ããã§ã¯ãç¹å®ã®äŸ¡å€ãçã¿åºããæå³ãäžããç
§ãããç°¡çŽ åããå€æããé«è²Žã«ããè²ãåãããçŽåŸãããããçšåºŠæ¥œããŸããå¿
èŠããããŸããã
-ããŒã«ã»ã©ã³ã
1.ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®è²¬ä»»ã¯ãçžäºéçšæ§ã確ä¿ããããšã§ãã
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ã人ãšå€ã®äžçãšã®çžäºäœçšãæäŸããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã é¢ä¿ãæ確ã«ããç
§ãããå®è£
ãã芳å¯ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã 圌ãã¯ç§ãã¡ãçµã³ã€ããç§ãã¡ãåãé¢ããç§ãã¡ã®æåŸ
ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸã ãŸããããŸããŸãªãµãŒãã¹ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãæäŸããŸãã ã¢ãŒãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãæãçŽç²ãªåœ¢ã§éçºããããã»ã¹ããã¢ãŒããªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹èªäœãéçºããããã»ã¹ãå®è¡ããªãã§ãã ããã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ç¹å®ã®æ©èœãå®è¡ããããã«èšèšãããŠããããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã枬å®ã§ããŸãã ããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®åœ¹å²ã¯å®çšçãªåé¡ã ãã«ãšã©ãŸããŸããã æ¬åœã«è¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ãã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäžããåèµ·ããç¥ç§ã«å
ãŸããå€ã®äžçãšã®é¢ä¿ã匷åããŸãã
2.äœãããæç
ãããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã¯ãã¹ãŠæ確ã§ãªããã°ãªããŸããã éçºããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãå¹æçã«äœ¿çšããããã«ã¯ã人ã
ã¯ãããäœã§ãããããªãããã䜿çšããå¿
èŠãããã®ãââãããã䜿ã£ãŠå®è¡ã§ããã¿ã¹ã¯ããã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãŸãã¯ãã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããããããã®ãç解ãããã®åŸæ£åžžã«å¯Ÿè©±ã§ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã ã¯ããåããŠã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãç解ããããšã¯é£ããå ŽåããããŸããããããŸããã¯ãããŸããã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯äœ¿ããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãä¿¡é ŒããŠãããããå°æ¥çã«ã¯äœ¿ããããã§ãããã äžè¬ã«ããã¹ãŠã1ã€ã®ç»é¢ã«æŒã蟌ãã§ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãæ··ä¹±ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã100æã®æ確ãªç»é¢ãäœæããããšããå§ãããŸãã
3.ããããè²»çšã§ã®æ³šæ
åžžã«äœããç§ãã¡ã®æ³šæãããããŸãã éãã«èªãããšã§ãããã±ãŒã¹ããæ°ãæ£ãããã®ããªããã°ãã¯ãäžå¯èœã§ãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æ³šæã¯è²Žéã§ãã 圌ã«éäžãããŠãã ããããã®ç»é¢ãäœæããç»é¢ã®äž»ãªç®çãã泚æããããèŠçŽ ã§ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè©°ãŸãããªãã§ãã ããã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãäœããèªãå¿
èŠãããå Žåã¯ãããã«ååãªæéãäžããå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠåºåã衚瀺ããŸãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æ³šæãè©äŸ¡ããŠãã ãããããã¯ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãšããªãã®äž¡æ¹ã«å©çããããããŸãã 補åã確å®ã«äœ¿çšããã«ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æ³šæãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã ãã¹ãŠã®ã³ã¹ãã§ãããä¿æããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
4.ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ç®¡çäž
人ã
ã¯ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãæããã®ã奜ãã§ãã å€ãã®éçºè
ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠèããŠããªãããããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯èªåã®æã¿ã«åããŠãå®è¡ããäºå®ã®ãªãæäœãå®è¡ããããšãäœåãªãããã移åã®æ¹åã¯éåžžã«äžæ確ã§ãããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®çµæã¯äºæ³å€ã§ãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ç¶æ³ãèªåã®å¶åŸ¡äžã«ãããšæããããã·ã¹ãã ã®ç¶æ
ãå®æçã«è¡šç€ºããåå ãšçµæã®é¢ä¿ã説æãïŒãããè¡ããšäœããèµ·ãããŸãïŒãåç¹å®ã®æäœããäœãæåŸ
ã§ããããæ確ã«ç解ã§ããããã«ããŸãã ãã£ããã³ãšããã³ã¹ã«ãªãããšãæããªãã§ãã ããã æãããªããšã¯åžžã«ããã»ã©æçœã§ã¯ãããŸããã
5.ããè¯ã管ç-çŽæ¥ç®¡ç
æè¯ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãªãã§ããããšãã°ãå®éã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããšçŽæ¥ããåãããŸãã ãããã次第ã«çŽæ¥å¶åŸ¡ã§ããªãããžã¿ã«æ§ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãããŸããŸãåºçŸããããã§ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãç§ãã¡ã®å©ãã«ãªããŸãã é©åãªãã¹ããå€ããŠãæçµçã«ãã¿ã³ãåšå
·ãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãèšå®ããŠã£ã³ããŠãè¿œå ã®æ¿å
¥ç©ãããã³ãã®ä»ã®ãã¬ãŒãããžããå«ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ããªããŒãããã®ã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã§ãã ãã®çµæããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®äºãã代ããã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹èŠçŽ ã管çããå¿
èŠããããŸãã ãããåé¿ããã«ã¯ãã¢ãã«ãšããŠçŽæ¥å¶åŸ¡ããŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯ã§ããã ãç®ç«ããã人éã®èªç¶ãªãžã§ã¹ãã£ãŒãèªèã§ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã çæ³çã«ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ããçŽæ¥ç®¡çããŠãããšããæèŠãæã€å¿
èŠããããŸãã
6. 1ã€ã®ç»é¢-1ã€ã®ã¡ã€ã³ã¿ã¹ã¯
ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®åç»é¢ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãçŽé¢ããŠãã1ã€ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã ãã®ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãããç解ããŠæäœãããããªããéçºè
ã¯å¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠæ©èœãæ¡åŒµãããããªããŸãã ããã€ãã®åºæ¬çãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã®å®è£
ããµããŒãããç»é¢ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãæ··ä¹±ãããŸãã ããšãã°ãããã¹ãã«2ã€ãŸãã¯3ã€ã®ã¡ã€ã³ãããã¯ãå«ããããšã¯ã§ããŸãã-ã¡ã€ã³ãããã¯ã¯1ã€ã ãã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã ãã®ããããã¶ã€ããŒã¯åç»é¢ã«1ã€ã®éèŠãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã®ã¿ãå®è¡ããæ©èœãé
眮ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã
7.ã»ã«ã³ããªã¿ã¹ã¯ãå Žæãç¥ã
1ã€ã®éèŠãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã«å ããŠãç»é¢ã¯ããã€ãã®äºæ¬¡çãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããã®ã«ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸãã ãã ããã¡ã€ã³ã¿ã¹ã¯ãšã»ã«ã³ããªã¿ã¹ã¯ããŸãšããããšã¯ã§ããªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã ããšãã°ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãTwitterã§å
±æã§ããããã«èšäºãæžããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããïŒ ãã®å Žåã®äž»ãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ã圌ãããããèªã¿ãèªãã ãã®ãç解ããããšã§ãã ãã€ããŒãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯åé¢ã«åºãŠã¯ãªããŸãããããšãã°ãç®ç«ããªãæ¹æ³ã§ãã¬ãŒã åããããéèŠãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®äºããåŸã«ã®ã¿è¡šç€ºãããã§ããŸãã
8.äžæ©åé²ããå Žæ
ã»ãšãã©ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒæäœã¯çžäºäœçšããã»ã¹ãäžæãããçžäºã«åãæ¿ãããããåæäœã®ç¶ç¶ãèšèšããã®ãè³¢æã§ãã ããããã®å Žåã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æ¬¡ã®ã¹ããããã©ããªãããæ³åããŠã¿ãŠãããã«åŸã£ãŠã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãæ§ç¯ããŠãã ããã éåžžã®äººéã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã«ããããªãçžäºäœçšã®ããã®åºçºç¹ãå¿
èŠã§ãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãå¿
èŠãªããšããã¹ãŠå®äºããŠããå Žåã¯ãããããèœãšããªãã§ãã ãããç®æšã«åãã£ãŠèªç¶ã«æ¬¡ã®äžæ©ãèžã¿åºãæ©äŒãäžããŸãã
9.åäœãå€èŠ³ã決å®ããŸãïŒãŸãã¯ãæ©èœã圢ç¶ã決å®ããŸããïŒ
人ã
ã¯ãäºæž¬å¯èœãªæ¹æ³ã§åäœãããã®ã«å¯ŸåŠããããšã奜ã¿ãŸããããã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãå«ãä»ã®äººã
ãåç©ããªããžã§ã¯ãã«ãçããåœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã 誰ãã®è¡åãç§ãã¡ã®æåŸ
ãšäžèŽãããšããç§ãã¡ã¯æ£ããæ³¢ã«ä¹ã£ãŠãããšæããŸãã ãããã£ãŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹èšèšèŠçŽ ã¯ããã®åäœã«é©åã«èŠããã¯ãã§ãã å®éã«ã¯ãããã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®ç¹å®ã®èŠçŽ ãã©ã®ããã«åäœãããããèŠãã ãã§ç解ããå¿
èŠãããããšãæå³ããŸãã ãã¿ã³ã®ããã«èŠãããã¿ã³ã®ããã«æ¯ãèãã¹ãèŠçŽ ã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãšã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®åºæ¬çãªåŽé¢ã«è§Šããªãã§ãã ãããç°ãªãé åºã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ããªãã®åµé çãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãç¯çŽããŠãã ããã
10.äžè²«æ§ãä¿ã€ããšã®éèŠæ§
åã®æ®µèœãããç»é¢èŠçŽ ã®åäœãç°ãªãå Žåããããã¯ç°ãªãããã«èŠããã¯ãã§ãã ãã¡ãããæ¯ãèãã䌌ãŠããèŠçŽ ã¯äŒŒãããã«èŠããã¯ãã§ãïŒé çªã«ïŒã ããããç°çš®ã®èŠçŽ ãç°ãªãããã«èšèšãããŠããïŒã€ãŸããäžè²«æ§ããªãïŒããšãåæ§ã«éèŠã§ãã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãè«ççã§äžè²«æ§ã®ãããã®ã«ããããšããåå¿è
ã®ãã¶ã€ããŒã¯ãå€ãã®å ŽåãèŠçŽ éã®éèŠãªéããç¡èŠããå€æ§æ§ãå°å
¥ããå Žåã¯ã©ãã§ãåãæè¡ã䜿çšããŸãã
11.æ確ãªéå±€-é å
šäœ
ç»é¢äžã®èŠçŽ ãç¹å®ã®é åºã§é
眮ããããšãæ確ãªèŠèŠçéå±€ãå®çŸããŸãã ã€ãŸããåãèŠçŽ ãæ¯ååãé åºã§è¡šç€ºãããŸãã èŠèŠçãªéå±€ãé©åã«èšèšãããŠããªããŠããå©ç¹ã¯ãªãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãæ··ä¹±ãããã ãã§ãã 絶ããå€åããç°å¢ã§ã¯ãèŠèŠçãªéã¿ãçžå¯Ÿçãªéã«ãªããããèŠçŽ ã®æ確ãªéå±€ãç¶æããããšã¯ããã»ã©ç°¡åã§ã¯ãããŸãããçµå±ã®ãšããããã¹ãŠãéžæãããšãäœã匷調衚瀺ãããŸããã ç»é¢ã«ç®ç«ã€èŠçŽ ãè¿œå ããå¿
èŠãããå ŽåãèŠèŠçãªéå±€ãä¿æããããã«ããã¶ã€ããŒã¯ä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®èŠçŽ ãç®ç«ããªãããå¿
èŠãããå ŽåããããŸãã ã»ãšãã©ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãæäœããéã«èŠèŠçãªéå±€ã«ã€ããŠã¯èããŸããããåæã«ããã®ææ
®æ·±ãïŒãŸãã¯æ³ååã«æ¬ ããïŒé
眮ã¯ããã¶ã€ã³ãæ¹åïŒãŸãã¯å£åïŒããæãç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã®1ã€ã§ãã
12.æèœãªçµç¹ãèªç¥çè² è·ã軜æžãã
John Maedaã¯èæžSimplicityã§ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹èŠçŽ ã®æèœãªç·šæã«ãããç»é¢ã®è² è·ã軜æžã§ãããšæžããŠããŸãã èŠçŽ ã®ææ
®æ·±ãæŽçã®å©ããåããŠããããã®éã®æ¥ç¶ãå®èšŒããããšãã§ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒããã®ãããªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãç¿åŸããããšã¯ã¯ããã«ç°¡åã«ãªããŸãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãããããã©ã®ããã«é¢é£ããŠããããç解ã§ããããã«ãåæ§ã®èŠçŽ ãã°ã«ãŒãåããç»é¢äžã«é
眮ããŸãã ã³ã³ãã³ãã®æèœãªçµç¹ã®ãããã§ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®èªç¥çè² è·ã倧å¹
ã«æžããããšãã§ããŸãã ãšã¬ã¡ã³ãéã®æ¥ç¶ããã¶ã€ã³èªäœã§æ確ã«ç€ºãããŠããã°ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ããããçã
ããã»ã©ç解ããå¿
èŠããªããªããŸãïŒ ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«åã³ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãäžããªãã§ãã ããããã¶ã€ã³ã䜿çšããŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®èŠçŽ éã®ãããã®æ¥ç¶ããã¹ãŠè¡šç€ºããæ¹ãè¯ãã§ãããã
13.æ瀺ã§ã¯ãªããããã³ããïŒè²ã®åœ¹å²
ç©çãªããžã§ã¯ãã®è²ã¯ãç
§æã«å¿ããŠå€åããŸãã ããšãã°ãæ£åãšæ¥æ²¡ã®åãæšã¯ãŸã£ããç°ãªã£ãŠèŠããŸãã äžè¬ã«ãç©çãªããžã§ã¯ãã®äžçã§ã¯ãè²ã«ã¯å€ãã®è²åããå«ãŸããŠãããéåžžã¯ããªãçžå¯Ÿçã§ãããè²ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§åœ¹å²ãæããå¿
èŠããããŸãã ãªããžã§ã¯ããè²ã§åŒ·èª¿è¡šç€ºããŠãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æ³šæãåŒãããšãã§ããŸãããåæã«ãè²ã ãã§èŠçŽ ãåé¢ããããšã¯ã§ããŸããã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãé·æéèŠçŽ ãæäœãããšæ³å®ãããå ŽåããŸãã¯èŠçŽ ã«å€§éã®ããã¹ããå«ãŸããå Žåã¯ãè£
食ã«æ·¡è²ãŸãã¯ãã¥ãŒãã®ããŒã³ã䜿çšãã匷調ã®ããã«æããè²åããä¿åããããšããå§ãããŸãã ãã¡ãããèæ¯ã®å¡ãã€ã¶ãã«æããè²ã䜿çšã§ããŸãããé©åãªå Žåã«éããŸãã
14.äžåºŠã«ãã¹ãŠã§ã¯ãªã
åç»é¢ã«ã¯ãæãå¿
èŠãªãã®ã®ã¿ã衚瀺ãããŸãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãéžæãè¡ãå¿
èŠãããå Žåãããã«å¿
èŠãªæ
å ±ãæ£ç¢ºã«æäŸããŸãã 詳现ã¯ã次ã®ç»é¢ã«åœãŠãããšãã§ããŸãã AããZãŸã§ã®ãã¹ãŠã説æãããããã¹ãŠã®æ
å ±ãäžåºŠã«ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããããããªãã§ãã ããã å¯èœã§ããã°ãã¯ãŒã¯ãããŒãè€æ°ã®ç»é¢ã«é
åžããåŸã
ã«æ
å ±ãæããã«ããŸãã ããã«ãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãšã®çžäºäœçšã¯ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠæ確ã§ç解ãããããŸãŸã§ãã
15.è³¢ãæããŠ
çæ³çãªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ããã³ãã¯ãŸã£ããå¿
èŠãããŸããããã®ãããªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã¯åŠç¿ãšäœ¿çšãç°¡åã ããã§ãã ãããã倩ããå°ã«éããå Žåãçæ³çã«ã¯ãããã³ããã¯ç¶æ³ã«å¿ããŠè¡šç€ºãããå¿
èŠãªãšãã«ã®ã¿å¿
èŠãªå Žæã«è¡šç€ºãããæ®ãã®æéã¯é衚瀺ã®ãŸãŸã«ãªããŸãã 人ã
ã«ãã«ããéããã質åãžã®åçãæ¢ãããã«åŒ·å¶ãããšãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§äœæ¥ãè€éã«ãªããŸãããã®å Žåã圌ãã¯èŠã€ããããã®ãæ£ç¢ºã«å®åŒåããå¿
èŠãããããã§ãã ãã³ããå¿
èŠãªå Žæã«åã蟌ãããšããå§ãããŸãã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã«ãã§ã«æ
£ããŠãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®éŒ»ã®åã«é ããªãããã«ããŠãã ããã
16.çå®ã®ç¬éïŒãŒãç¶æ
èšèšè
ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®æåã®ç¥äººãªã©ã®éèŠãªãã€ã³ããèŠèœãšããã¡ã§ãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã§ããã ãæ©ãæ
£ããã®ãå©ããããã«ãèšèšè
ã¯ãŒãç¶æ
ãã€ãŸãäœãèµ·ãããªãã£ãç¬éã®ãã¥ãŒã§äœæ¥ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«è¡šç€ºãããæåã®ç»é¢ã¯ã空çœã®ã·ãŒãã®ããã«ç©ºçœã«ããªãã§ãã ãã-ã¯ã€ãã¯ã¹ã¿ãŒãã®æé ãšãã³ããå«ããå¿
èŠããããŸãã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãæäœããéã®ã»ãšãã©ã®åé¡ã¯ããŒãã¹ããŒãã®èããæªãããã«çºçããŸãã ãã ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãã²ãŒã ã®ã«ãŒã«ãç解ãããšãã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ããã«å€§å¹
ã«ç°¡çŽ åãããŸãã
17.çŸåšã®åé¡ãäž»ãªåé¡ã§ãã
ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãçŸæç¹ã§é¢é£ããåé¡ã解決ããå¿
èŠããããå°æ¥çºçããå¯èœæ§ãããä»®æ³çãªåé¡ã解決ããå¿
èŠã¯ãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠãæœåšçãªåé¡ã®è§£æ±ºã«çŠç¹ãåãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã¯å¿
èŠãããŸãããçŸåšã®ç¶æ³ã調æ»ããçŸåšã®åé¡ã«å¿ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãéçºããŸãã ãã¡ãããã¯ã©ãŠãã§ãµãŒãã£ã³ããŠä»®èª¬ãç«ãŠãããšã¯ã¯ããã«ãšããµã€ãã£ã³ã°ã§ãããããªãã®ä»äºã®çµæã¯æè¬ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒããèŠæ±ãããç¡é§ãªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®ãã³ãã«ã¯éãããŸããã
18.ãã¹ããã¶ã€ã³-ã€ã³ããžãã«ãã¶ã€ã³
èå³æ·±ãäºå®ïŒæ¬åœã«è¯ããã¶ã€ã³ã¯ãéåžžããããã䜿çšãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ãã£ãŠããŒã¯ãããŸããã ãã®çç±ã¯ãåªããèšèšã«ããããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§ã¯ãªãã¿ã¹ã¯ã«éäžã§ããããã§ãã ã¿ã¹ã¯ãæ£åžžã«å®äºãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ããããã©ã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ããèãå§ããããšã¯ãªãããããã¹ãŠãããŸããããŸããã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãåé¡ãããå Žåã«ã®ã¿èšèšã«æ³šæãæãããšãããããŸãã ã¯ããèšèšè
ã¯ãå®å
šãªåŠšå®³ãåãåã£ãŠãããšããäºå®ã«ããããããã誰ã圌ããæåãããœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè³è³ããŠããªããšããäºå®ã«ç±å¿ã§ã¯ãããŸããã ããããæ¬åœã«åªããå°é家ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ã圌ãã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãç©æ¥µçã«äœ¿çšãããã°ååã§ãã æºè¶³ããŠãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¯ãµã€ã¬ã³ããŠãŒã¶ãŒã§ããããšãç解ããŠããŸãã
19.èŠéã®æ¡å€§
ããžã¥ã¢ã«ããã³ã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ãã¶ã€ã³ãå°å·ãã³ããŒã©ã€ãã£ã³ã°ãæ
å ±ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãããã³èŠèŠå-ãããã¯ãã¹ãŠã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ãã¶ã€ã³ã«å«ãŸããŠããŸãã åæ Œããã°ãããã®åéã«æ
£ããããšãã§ããŸãããŸãã¯ã圌ãã®ç 究ãæãäžããããšãã§ããŸãã æãéèŠãªããšã¯ããããã軜èŠããããç¹å®ã®åéã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠæ¿ããè°è«ãè¡ã£ããããªãããšã§ãã ãããããæçšãªç¥èãåŸã-ãªã©ã ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹èšèšãšã¯ãŸã£ããé¢ä¿ã®ãªãé åã軜disããŠã¯ãããŸããã åºç瀟ãããã°ã©ã ã³ãŒãã®èè
ã補æ¬æ¥è
ãã¹ã±ãŒãããŒããŒãæ¶é²å£«ã空æéžæããåŠã¹ãããšãèããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã
20.æªäœ¿çšã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹-äžè¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹
èšèšã®ä»ã®é åãšåæ§ã«ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã®èšèšã§ã¯ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãèŠæ±ããèšèšäœæ¥ã®çµæã¯æåãšã¿ãªãããŸãã äžå¿«ã§ããããšãå€æããå Žåã人ã
ã¯æãçŸããæ€
åã«ãã座ãããšããã§ããããã®å®¶å
·ã¯ãã®æ©èœãšãŠãŒã¶ãŒãç¡èŠãããã¶ã€ã³ãæãããŸããã ãããã£ãŠãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã®èšèšã§ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãèªäœã®äœæã ãã§ãªãããã®äœ¿çšã®ããã®ç¹å®ã®ç°å¢ã®äœæãéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãã ãã¶ã€ããŒã¯ãèªåã®ç®ã楜ããŸããããã§ã¯ãªãã䜿çšããããã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãäœæããŸãïŒ
æçš¿è
ïŒ
Joshua Porterã泚æ ã¬ãŒã³ïŒç§ã®æèŠã§ã¯ããã®èšäºã¯ãã¹ã±ããã®æç»ããæ¢è£œã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããäœæ¥äžã®è£œåã®ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠããŸã§ãã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®æ®µéã§èšèšãããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ããã§ãã¯ããããã®åªãããã§ãã¯ãªã¹ãã§ãã