PHPからPythonに切り替えることにした場合、何を準備する必要がありますか？

記事の形式

コンソールの準備

php -a

python

import rlcompleter
import readline
readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")    #   

import rlcompleter
import readline
readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")

export PYTHONSTARTUP="${HOME}/.pyrc"
export PYTHONIOENCODING="UTF-8"

source ~/.bashrc

• Python — (. ). Python — , , , , , . : Ruby.
• PHP — . PHP — , , , . , - , PHP . : JavaScript, Lua, Perl.

• .py . <?PHP , .
• , php.ini. , ( PYTHONIOENCODING). , , , , . , , . ( ). php.ini .
• . , , PHP, . .
• $ (, PHP Perl, — ).
• . , , , , . ( Python 3.8 -, . . PEP 572)
• Python .pyc ( Python < 3.3 PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE), - , . , . IDE . PHP APC, .pyc .
• : NULL, TRUE, FALSE — None, True, False .

foreach($a as $value) {
    $formatted = $value.'%';
    echo $formatted;
}

for value in a:
    formatted = value + '%'
    print(formatted)

, ! . , , . - , , . . Style Guide, -.

print '0.60' * 5;

print '5' == 5;

$a = array('5'=>true);
print $a[5];

$value = 75;
print $value.'%';

$a='0';
if($a) print 'non zero length';  //       

, , , PHP 7. , .

>>> print "25" + 5
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects

try:
    custom_price = int(request.GET.get('custom_price', 0))
except ValueError:
    custom_price = 0

$tak = '';
echo "   $tak  {$tak}.";
echo " ".$tak.".";
echo sprintf("   %s  %1$'.9s.", $tak);

etot = ''
var = ''
print(' %s ' % etot)
print(etot + '    ,   ')
print('  %s %s' % (etot, var))
print('  %(etot)s %(var)s' % {'etot': etot, 'var': var})  #    
print('  {} {}'.format(etot, var))
print('  {1} {0}'.format(var, etot))
print('  {etot} {var}'.format(var=var, etot=etot))
print(f'  {etot} {var}')  #   Python 3.6

strpos($a, 'tr');
trim($a);

a.index('tr')
a.strip()

substr($a, strpos($a, 'name: '));

a[a.index('name: '):]

>>> len(' ')
19
>>> len(u' ')
10

PHP 6, .
PHP, , MBString function overloading , , . , .

$a = 'Hello.\n';
$a[strlen($a)-1] != "\n"; 

a = r'Hello.\n' 
a[-1] != '\n'

var_dump([0=>1, 'key'=>'value']); 

array , PHP array ( ), ( , ). PHP , SPLFixedArray. , , .

• list — .
  

  a = [1, 2, 3]  #  
  a[10] = 11  #    
  # > IndexError: list assignment index out of range
  a.append(11)  #     
  del a[0]  #   
  a.remove(11)  #   
  

• dict — . , ( PHP ).
  

  d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}  #  
  d[10] = 11  #    
  d[True] = False  #        (, , , ,  )
  del d[True]  #   
  

• tuple — . . .
  

  t = (True, 'OK', 200, )  #  
  t[0] = False  #   
  # > TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
  del t[True]  #    
  # > TypeError: 'tuple' object doesn't support item deletion
  t = ([], )  #       (, , ,  , )
  t[0].append(1)
  # > a == ([1], )
  

• set — . , .
  

  s = set([1,3,4])
  s[0] = False  #      
  # > TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing
  s.add(5)  #   
  s.remove(5)  # 
  #      
  s | s  # 
  s & s  # 
  s - s  # 
  s ^ s  #  
  

• -: tuple, set, list dict — , , .
• -: list dict.
• -: , -, , , -, .
• -: dict — OrderedDict.

def is_prime(number):
    max_number = int(sqrt(number))

    for multiplier in range(2, max_number + 1):
        if multiplier > max_number:
            break
        if number % multiplier == 0:
            return False

    return True

from tools.logic import is_prime

print(is_prime(79))

• -: . , .
• -: . , . , .
• -: .

*args, **kwargs

function makeyogurt($flavour, $type = "acidophilus")
{
    return "Making a bowl of $type $flavour.";
}

def makeyogurt(flavour, ftype="acidophilus"):
    return "Making a bowl of %s %s." % (ftype, flavour, )

function sum(...$numbers) {
    $acc = 0;
    foreach ($numbers as $n) {
        $acc += $n;
    }
    return $acc;
}

echo sum(1, 2, 3, 4);
//  
echo add(...[1, 2, 3, 4]);

def acc(*args, **kwargs):
    total = 0
    for n in args:
        total += n
    return total

print(acc(1, 2, 3, 4))
#  
print(acc(*[1, 2, 3, 4]))

class BaseClass:
    def __init__(self):
        print("In BaseClass constructor")

class SubClass(BaseClass):
    def __init__(self, value):
        super(SubClass, self).__init__()
# ,  Python 3.6:        super().__init__()
        self.value = value

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        print("Cannot found: %s" % name)

c = SubClass(7)
print(c.value)

• self $this . self (, ). , Python (, , ).
• PHP, . __construct — __init__. __get — __getattr__ ..
• new. — , .
• . super , . parent:: PHP — .

• .
• public, protected, private. runtime , , - . Reflection. protected — . / _%ClassName%__%varname%, .
• static, . Python . Singleton , . , , .
• . , , ( bool), , , . . , . , .

• PEP 8. .
• Google.

• , , , ( ).
• strlen count — len.
• ..

• composer -> pip
• mod_php -> mod_wsgi
• nginx + php-fpm -> nginx + uwsgi + uwsgi_python
• daemon.io -> tornado, twisted
• Zend Framework -> Django
• phalcon -> falcon

?

• , , .
• .
• , .
• ( ).
• , ( , ).
• (- ).

Python

• 1- : Dive Into Python, 2- 7- . . 10 Project Euler. , . - bash-, ls BusyBox - . , - , , . , , PHP-, .
• 2- : Django . : , , , , , .
• 3- : , , .