Linuxブートのマスターになる

ビデオカードを発売します

pacman -S xf86-video-ati xf86-video-nouveau xf86-video-intel 

 lspci | grep -i vga 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Graphics Adapter 

udevを詳しく知る

 udevadm info -a -p /sys/class/drm/card0 

 udevadm info -q property -p /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0 DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0 ID_MODEL_FROM_DATABASE=VirtualBox Graphics Adapter ID_PCI_CLASS_FROM_DATABASE=Display controller ID_PCI_INTERFACE_FROM_DATABASE=VGA controller ID_PCI_SUBCLASS_FROM_DATABASE=VGA compatible controller ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE=InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH MODALIAS=pci:v000080EEd0000BEEFsv00000000sd00000000bc03sc00i00 PCI_CLASS=30000 PCI_ID=80EE:BEEF PCI_SLOT_NAME=0000:00:02.0 PCI_SUBSYS_ID=0000:0000 SUBSYSTEM=pci USEC_INITIALIZED=24450 

 lspci | grep -i vga 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Graphics Adapter. 

udevを使用してビデオカードを動的に構成する

 export root=/srv/nfs/diskless nano $root/etc/udev/rules.d/10-graphics.rules KERNEL=="card[0-9]*", SUBSYSTEM=="drm", RUN+="/etc/default/xdevice %n" KERNEL=="card*", SUBSYSTEM=="drm", ATTR{enabled}=="enabled", ATTR{status}=="connected", RUN+="/etc/default/xdevice %n %k" 

 Section "Device" Identifier "  " Driver " " Option "AccelMethod" " " BusID "PCI:  PCI,    " EndSection 

 nano $root/etc/default/xdevice 

 #!/bin/sh #         xorg CONF_FILE=/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-device.conf #        ""  #     ,       get_vendor(){ local card=$(get_path $1) udevadm info -q property -p ${card%\/drm*} | \ awk '/^ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE/{split($1,a,"=");print tolower(a[2])}' } #    PCI         x:y:z get_bus(){ local bus=$(get_path $1) echo ${bus%\/drm*} | \ sed 's\:\.\g' | \ awk '{n=split($0,a,".");printf "%i:%i:%i",a[n-2],a[n-1],a[n]}' } #      get_path(){ udevadm info -q path -p /sys/class/drm/$1 } #          . make_conf(){ local filename="xorg-device-$(get_vendor $1).conf" cat /etc/X11/$filename | \ sed 's\%BUS%\'$(get_bus $1)'\g'| \ sed 's\%ID%\'$1'\g' > $CONF_FILE } #    virtualbox,      check_vbox(){ local vendor=$(get_vendor $1) [ "$vendor" == "innotek" ]] && systemctl start vboxservice } #  card_numb=$1 if [ -z "$2" ] #    virtualbox then card_name="card$card_numb" check_vbox $card_name && make_conf $card_name else card_name=$2 make_conf $card_name fi 

 chmod +x $root/etc/default/xdevice 

 systemctl disable vboxservice 

 nano $root/etc/X11/xorg-device-intel.conf Section "Device" Identifier "Intel %ID%" Driver "intel" Option "AccelMethod" "uxa" BusID "PCI:%BUS%" EndSection 

 nano $root/etc/X11/xorg-device-innotek.conf Section "Device" Identifier "VirtualBox %ID%" Driver "vboxvideo" BusID "PCI:%BUS%" EndSection 

 nano $root/etc/X11/xorg-device-advanced.conf Section "Device" Identifier "AMD %ID%" Driver "radeon" Option "AccelMethod" "exa" BusID "PCI:%BUS%" EndSection 

 nano $root/etc/X11/xorg-device-nvidia.conf Section "Device" Identifier "nVidia %ID%" Driver "nouveau" Option "AccelMethod" "exa" BusID "PCI:%BUS%" EndSection 

 nano $root/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-keyboard.conf Section "InputClass" Identifier "keyboard-layout" MatchIsKeyboard "on" Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru" Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys" Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle" EndSection 

システムを最適化する

 nano $root/etc/systemd/journald.conf ... SystemMaxUse=30M ... 

 rm -r $root/var/log/journal 

 nano $root/etc/systemd/coredump.conf ... Storage=none ... 

 echo -e 'vm.swappiness=0\nvm.vfs_cache_pressure=50' > $root/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf 

 curl -o localepurge.tar.gz https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lo/localepurge/localepurge.tar.gz tar -xvvzf localepurge.tar.gz cd localepurge makepkg -s 

 sudo pacman --root $root --dbpath $root/var/lib/pacman -U localepurge-0.7.3.4-1-any.pkg.tar.xz 

 nano $root/etc/locale.nopurge ... # NEEDSCONFIGFIRST ... ru ru_RU ru_RU.UTF-8 en en_US en_US.UTF-8 

 arch-chroot $root /usr/bin/localepurge-config arch-chroot $root localepurge 

読み取り専用に移動

その場でファイルシステムをやり直す

 pacman -S rsync 

 nano $root/etc/initcpio/hooks/live 

 #!/usr/bin/bash run_latehook() { local source options fstype local target="/" local fstab=/new_root/etc/fstab local place=/new_root/srv/new_root local filter=${place}/etc/default/live_filter if source=$(findmnt -snero source --tab-file=$fstab -T $target); then options=$(findmnt -snero options --tab-file=$fstab -T $target) fstype=$(findmnt -snero fstype --tab-file=$fstab -T $target) umount /new_root mount -t ramfs none /new_root -o rw,defaults [ ! -d "$place" ] && mkdir -p $place mount ${fstype:+-t ${fstype}} ${options:+-o ${options}} $source $place mount -o remount,ro${options:+-,${options}} $source $place rsync -aAX ${place}/* /new_root --filter="merge $filter" ! findmnt -snero source --tab-file=$fstab -T /usr && bind_usr $place #     "/"   , #      fstab cat ${place}/etc/fstab | grep -v $source > $fstab fi } bind_usr(){ local place=$1 mount --bind ${place}/usr /new_root/usr mount -o remount,ro,bind ${place}/usr /new_root/usr } 

 nano $root/etc/initcpio/install/live #!/usr/bin/bash build() { make_filter > /etc/default/live_filter add_binary "/usr/bin/rsync" "/bin/rsync" add_binary findmnt add_runscript } make_filter() { cat <<EOF + /etc/* + /home/* + /home/*/.config - /home/*/*/ + /var/* - /var/cache/*/* - /var/lib/pacman/*/* - /var/lib/systemd/*/* + /var/log/*/ - /var/log/* - /var/tmp/* - /*/* EOF } 

 cat $root/etc/mkinitcpio.conf ... HOOKS="base udev net_nfs4 live" 

 arch-chroot $root mkinitcpio -p habr 

 cat $root/etc/fstab # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> 192.168.1.100:/diskless / nfs4 defaults,noatime 0 0 

 mount ... none on / type ramfs (rw,relatime) 192.168.1.100://diskless on /srv/new_root type nfs4 (ro,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.1.131,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.1.100) 192.168.1.100://diskless/usr on /usr type nfs4 (ro,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.1.131,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.1.100) ... 

 vnstat -l ... eth0 / traffic statistics rx | tx --------------------------------------+------------------ bytes 7,23 MiB | 252,33 MiB --------------------------------------+------------------ max 5,11 Mbit/s | 235,23 Mbit/s average 1,48 Mbit/s | 51,68 Mbit/s min 0 kbit/s | 1 kbit/s --------------------------------------+------------------ packets 82060 | 199036 --------------------------------------+------------------ max 6550 p/s | 21385 p/s average 2051 p/s | 4975 p/s min 0 p/s | 0 p/s --------------------------------------+------------------ time 40 seconds 

ネットワークのオーバークロック

 pacman -S squashfs-tools && mksquashfs $root/usr $root/srv/source_usr.sfs -b 4096 -comp xz 

 nano $root/etc/fstab # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> 192.168.1.100:/diskless / nfs4 defaults,noatime 0 0 /srv/new_root/srv/source_usr.sfs /usr squashfs loop,compress=xz 0 0 

 cp $root/{usr/lib,etc}/initcpio/install/usr && cp $root/{usr/lib,etc}/initcpio/hooks/usr 

 nano $root/etc/initcpio/hooks/usr mount "/new_root$usr_source" /new_root/usr -o "$mountopts" 

 cat $root/etc/mkinitcpio.conf HOOKS="base udev net_nfs4 live usr" arch-chroot $root mkinitcpio -p habr 

 cat $root/etc/fstab # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> 192.168.1.100:/diskless / nfs4 defaults,noatime 0 0 /srv/new_root/srv/source_usr.sfs /usr squashfs ro,loop,compress=xz 0 0 

 mount ... none on / type ramfs (rw,relatime) 192.168.1.100://diskless on /srv/new_root type nfs4 (ro,noatime,vers=4.1,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.1.131,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.1.100) /srv/new_root/srv/source_usr.sfs on /usr type squashfs (ro,relatime) ... 

 vnstat -l ... eth0 / traffic statistics rx | tx --------------------------------------+------------------ bytes 5,07 MiB | 205,67 MiB --------------------------------------+------------------ max 4,02 Mbit/s | 191,82 Mbit/s average 1,04 Mbit/s | 42,12 Mbit/s min 0 kbit/s | 1 kbit/s --------------------------------------+------------------ packets 65524 | 159941 --------------------------------------+------------------ max 5954 p/s | 17170 p/s average 1638 p/s | 3998 p/s min 0 p/s | 0 p/s --------------------------------------+------------------ time 40 seconds 

余分なものを取り除く

 curl -o mkinitcpio-nbd.tar.gz https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mk/mkinitcpio-nbd/mkinitcpio-nbd.tar.gz tar -xvvzf mkinitcpio-nbd.tar.gz cd mkinitcpio-nbd makepkg -s sudo pacman --root $root --dbpath $root/var/lib/pacman -U mkinitcpio-nbd-0.4.2-1-any.pkg.tar.xz 

 cat $root/boot/grub/grub.cfg menuentry "NBD" { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio echo " ..." linux vmlinuz-linux \ add_efi_memmap \ ip="$net_default_ip":"$net_default_server":192.168.1.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:none \ nbd_host="$net_default_server" nbd_name=habrahabr root=/dev/nbd0 echo "  ..." initrd initramfs-linux.img } 

 nbd_host="$net_default_server" nbd_name=habrahabr root=/dev/nbd0 

 nano $root/etc/fstab # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/nbd0 / squashfs ro,loop,compress=xz 0 0 

 cp $root/{usr/lib,etc}/initcpio/install/nbd cp $root/{usr/lib,etc}/initcpio/hooks/nbd 

 nano $root/etc/initcpio/hooks/nbd modprobe nbd #     msg "closing old connections..." echo ${ip} | nc ${nbd_host} 45678 local ready=$(nc -l -p 45678) [ "$ready" -ne 1 ] && reboot msg "connecting..." #     

 nano $root/etc/mkinitcpio.conf MODULES="loop squashfs" HOOKS="base udev net_nfs4 keyboard nbd live" 

 arch-chroot $root mkinitcpio -p habr 

 mksquashfs $root/* /srv/new_root.sfs -b 4096 -comp xz 

 pacman -S nbd 

 mv /etc/nbd-server/{config,config.old} && nano /etc/nbd-server/config [generic] user = nbd group = nbd [habrahabr] exportname = /srv/new_root.sfs timeout = 30 readonly = true multifile = false copyonwrite = false 

 nano /etc/default/close_passive_NBD_connections.sh #!/bin/sh #      PID _kill(){ local PID for PID in $* do kill $PID done } main(){ local rIP PIDs #       ip     grub.cfg rIP=$(netcat -l -p 45678 | cut -d: -f1) #     IP     PID PIDs=$(netstat -np | grep $rIP | awk '/^tcp.*nbd-server/{split($NF,a,"/");print a[1]}') _kill $PIDs && echo "1" | netcat -z $rIP 45678 } #     while [ 0 ] do main done 

 chmod +x /etc/default/close_passive_NBD_connections.sh 

 pacman -S gnu-netcat net-tools 

 mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nbd.service.d && nano /etc/systemd/system/nbd.service.d/close_passive.conf [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/etc/default/close_passive_NBD_connections.sh 

 cat $root/etc/fstab # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/nbd0 / squashfs ro,loop,compress=xz 0 0 

 mount ... none on / type ramfs (rw,relatime) /dev/nbd0 on /srv/new_root type squashfs (ro,relatime) /dev/nbd0 on /usr type squashfs (ro,relatime) ... 

 vnstat -l ... eth0 / traffic statistics rx | tx --------------------------------------+------------------ bytes 1,97 MiB | 198,92 MiB --------------------------------------+------------------ max 2,81 Mbit/s | 138,60 Mbit/s average 575,63 kbit/s | 58,20 Mbit/s min 2 kbit/s | 1 kbit/s --------------------------------------+------------------ packets 32473 | 100874 --------------------------------------+------------------ max 5991 p/s | 7576 p/s average 1159 p/s | 3602 p/s min 4 p/s | 1 p/s --------------------------------------+------------------ time 28 seconds 

 nano ~/myscript.ipxe #!ipxe ifopen net0 set server_ip 192.168.1.100 set http_path http://${server_ip} set kern_name vmlinuz-linux kernel ${http_path}/${kern_name} || read void initrd ${http_path}/initramfs-linux.img || read void imgargs ${kern_name} add_efi_memmap ip=${net0/ip}:${server_ip}:${net0/gateway}:${net0/netmask}::eth0:none nbd_host=${server_ip} nbd_name=habrahabr root=/dev/nbd0 || read void boot || read void 

 sudo pacman -S git && git clone git://git.ipxe.org/ipxe.git cd ipxe/src/ make bin/undionly.kpxe EMBED=/home/username/myscript.ipxe 

 cp {/home/username/ipxe/src/bin,$root/boot}/undionly.kpxe 

 nano /etc/dhcpd.conf #if option architecture = 7 { # filename "/grub/x86_64-efi/core.efi"; # } else { # filename "/grub/i386-pc/core.0"; #} filename "/undionly.kpxe"; systemctl restart dhcpd4 

 pacman -S apache 

 mount --bind /srv/nfs/diskless/boot/ /srv/http/ 

 mount -o remount,ro,bind /srv/nfs/diskless/boot/ /srv/http/ 

 systemctl start httpd 

 vnstat -l ... rx | tx --------------------------------------+------------------ bytes 1,50 MiB | 206,73 MiB --------------------------------------+------------------ max 2,96 Mbit/s | 191,95 Mbit/s average 684,08 kbit/s | 94,08 Mbit/s min 5 kbit/s | 1 kbit/s --------------------------------------+------------------ packets 22762 | 90737 --------------------------------------+------------------ max 5735 p/s | 9871 p/s average 1264 p/s | 5040 p/s min 3 p/s | 1 p/s --------------------------------------+------------------ time 18 seconds 

 nano /etc/fstab LABEL=HABR / ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 1 /srv/new_root/srv /srv none bind 0 1 

 nano /root/clone_filter + /boot/* + /etc/* + /home/* + /srv/* + /usr/* + /var/* - /*/* 

 rsync -aAXv /* /mnt --filter="merge /root/clone_filter" 

  arch-chroot /mnt grub-install --target=i386-pc --force --recheck /dev/sdb