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SMTPãµãŒããŒ
SMTPïŒSimple Mail Transfer ProtocolïŒã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒéã§ã¡ãŒã«ãéä¿¡ããããã®ã«ãŒã«ãå®çŸ©ããŸãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãä¿åãŸãã¯èŠèŠåããããã®ã«ãŒã«ãèŠå¶ããŸããã ããã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã«äŸåããªããããã³ã«ã§ããã€ãŸããã¡ãŒã«ã®éä¿¡è
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ä¿¡ããŸãã ããšãã°ããããã¯Postfix-maildropãšProcmailã§ãã
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Postfixãã·ã¹ãã ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãããã©ããã確èªããããšããå§ããŸãããïŒ
$ rpm -qa | grep postfix
PostfixãèŠã€ãããªãã£ãå Žåãããšãã°ã次ã®ã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠãRed HatããŒã¹ã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ããŸãã
$ dnf -y install postfix
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$ systemctl start postfix $ systemctl enable postfix
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$ apt-get -y install postfix
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«äžã«ããµãŒããŒæ§æãéžæããããæ±ããããŸãã 䜿çšå¯èœãª4ã€ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ïŒèšå®ãªããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããµã€ããã¹ããŒããã¹ãä»ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããµãã©ã€ãã·ã¹ãã ãããŒã«ã«ã®ã¿ïŒã®äžãããå¿
èŠãªPostfixãŠãŒã¶ãŒããã³ã°ã«ãŒãã¢ã«ãŠã³ãã®äœæã«ã€ãªãã
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èŠããããŸãã ã»ãšãã©ã®èšå®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯
/ etc / postfix /ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ãããŸãã
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/etc/postfix/main.cfã«ãããŸãã ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯å€æ°ãããŸãããæãéèŠãªãã®ãæ€èšããŠãã ããã
myhostnameãã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãã¡ãŒã«ã·ã¹ãã ã®ãã¹ãåãæå®ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã ããã¯ãPostfixãã¡ãŒã«ãåä¿¡ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®ãã¹ãåã§ãã
äžè¬çãªã¡ãŒã«ãµãŒããŒã®ãã¹ãåã¯ãmail.example.comããã³smtp.example.comã§ãã
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myhostname = mail.example.com
mydomainãã®èšå®ã«ããããµãŒããŒãåŠçããŠããã¡ãŒã«ãã¡ã€ã³ïŒexample.comãªã©ïŒãæå®ã§ããŸãã
mydomain = example.com
ææºãã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã䜿çšãããšããµãŒããŒããéä¿¡ãããã¡ãŒã«ã§äœ¿çšããããã¡ã€ã³åãæå®ã§ããŸãã $ mydomainã®å€ãå²ãåœãŠãŸãã
myorigin = $mydomain
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mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, $mydomain, mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain
mail_spool_directoryPostfixã¡ãŒã«ãµãŒããŒã¯ãã¡ãŒã«é
ä¿¡ã®2ã€ã®ã¢ãŒãã䜿çšã§ããŸãã
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- ãã¥ãŒã®äžå€®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã§ã¯ãã¡ãŒã«ã¯/ var / spool / mailãã©ã«ããŒã«åé¡ãããŸãããããã«ã¯åãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ãã¡ã€ã«ããããŸãã
mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail
mynetworksãã®å€æ°ã¯éèŠãªèšå®ã§ãã PostfixãµãŒããŒãä»ããŠã¡ãŒã«ã転éã§ãããµãŒããŒãæå®ã§ããŸãã
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mynetworksãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãæ£ããæ§æãããŠããªãå Žåãã¹ãããŒã¯ãµãŒããŒãã¡ãŒã«ãªã¬ãŒãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããŸãã ããã«ãããDNSãã©ãã¯ãªã¹ãïŒDNSBLïŒããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ãã©ãã¯ããŒã«ãªã¹ãïŒRBLïŒãªã©ã®ãã©ãã¯ãªã¹ãã®ããããã«ã¹ãã 察çã·ã¹ãã ãéåžžã«è¿
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mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24
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ã©ã®ã¡ãŒã«ãµãŒããŒã䜿çšãããŠãããã瀺ããªãããã«ããã®å€ã倿Žããããšããå§ãããŸãã
inet_protocolsãã®å€æ°ã䜿çšãããšãæ¥ç¶ã確ç«ãããšãã«Postfixã䜿çšããIPããŒãžã§ã³ãæå®ã§ããŸãã
inet_protocols = ipv4
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$ systemctl reload postfix
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$ postfix check
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$ mailq
圌女ã¯ãã¥ãŒã«ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ããŸãã ãã¥ãŒããã£ã±ãã§ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®éä¿¡ã«æ°æéãããå Žåãæ¬¡ã®ã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®éä¿¡ããã»ã¹ãéå§ã§ããŸãã
$ postfix flush
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mailxã
mailãªã©ã®ããŒã«ã«ã¡ãŒã«ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã䜿çšããããšã§ãïŒããã¯mailxãžã®ã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã§ãïŒã
åããµãŒããŒã§ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæäŸãããŠãã人ã«ã¡ãŒã«ãéä¿¡ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããããæ©èœããå Žåã¯ãå¥ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¡ãŒã«ãéä¿¡ããŠãã ããã
$ echo "This is message body" | mailx -s "This is Subject" -r "likegeeks<likegeeks@example.com>" -a /path/to/attachment someone@example.com
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åé¡ãçºçããå Žåã¯ããã°ã確èªããŠãã ããã Red HatããŒã¹ã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãå¿
èŠãªãã®ã¯
/ var / log / maillogã«ãããŸãã Debianãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãå¿
èŠãªãã¡ã€ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®å Žæã«ãããŸãïŒ
/var/log/mail.log ããŸãã¯rsyslogdèšå®ã§æå®ããããã¹ã
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èŠã«å¿ããŠãLinuxã§ã®ãã®ã³ã°ã«é¢ããè³æãããã³rsyslogdã®æ§ææ¹æ³ã説æããŸãã
ããã§ãåé¡ã解決ããªãå Žåã¯ãDNSèšå®ã確èªããŠã
Linuxãããã¯ãŒã¯ã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠMXã¬ã³ãŒãã確èªããŠãã ããã
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ã¹ãã ã¡ãã»ãŒãžããã¹ãã ãæ€åºããããã®å€ãã®ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ããããŸã-ã¹ãã ã æãåªããŠããã®ã¯ããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã®SpamAssassinãããžã§ã¯ãã§ãã
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$ dnf -y install spamassassin
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$ systemctl start spamassassin $ systemctl enable spamassassin
SpamAssassinãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããã/
etc / mail / spamassassin / local.cfãã¡ã€ã«ã§ãã®èšå®ã確èªã
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SpamAssassinã¯ãããŸããŸãªã¹ã¯ãªããã䜿çšããéä¿¡ã®èª¿æ»çµæã«åºã¥ããŠãéåžžã®æåãšã¹ãã ãåºå¥ã§ããŸãã ãã§ãã¯ã®çµæã¯ãã€ã³ãã§è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
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required_hits 5ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãè©äŸ¡ã5以äžã®å ŽåãSpamAssassinãã¡ãã»ãŒãžãã¹ãã ãšããŠããŒã¯ããããšã瀺ããŸãã
report_safeãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã®å€ã¯0ã1ããŸãã¯2ã§ãã0ã«èšå®ãããšãã¹ãã ãšããŠããŒã¯ãããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã¯å
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ãã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã1ãŸãã¯2ã«èšå®ãããŠããå ŽåãSpamAssassinã¯ã¬ããŒããçæããŠåä¿¡è
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å€1ãš2ã®éãã¯ãæåã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ã¹ãã ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãã¡ãã»ãŒãž/ rfc822圢åŒã§ãšã³ã³ãŒãããã2çªç®ã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ããã¹ã/ãã¬ãŒã³åœ¢åŒã§ãšã³ã³ãŒããããããšã§ãã
äžéšã®ã¡ãŒã«ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããmessage / rfc822ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãå®è¡ãããããããã¹ã/ãã¬ãŒã³ãšã³ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®æ¹ãå®å
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SpamAssassinãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠæ§æããããPostfixãšçµ±åããå¿
èŠããããŸãã ãããè¡ãæãç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãããããprocmailã䜿çšããããšã§ãã
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/ etc / procmailrcãäœæããæ¬¡ã远å ããŸãã
:0 hbfw | /usr/bin/spamc
次ã«ãPostfixæ§æãã¡ã€ã«-
/etc/postfix/main.cfãç·šéãã
mailbox_commandãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã次ã®ããã«èšå®ããŸãã
mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail
æåŸã«ãPostfixããã³SpamAssassinãµãŒãã¹ãåèµ·åããŸãã
$ systemctl restart postfix $ systemctl restart spamassassin
SpamAssassinã¯å¿
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幞ããªããšã«ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã¯ãPostfixã¡ãŒã«ãµãŒããŒã«å°éããåã«ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ãã©ãã¯ããŒã«ãªã¹ãïŒRBLïŒã䜿çšããŠãã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°ã§ããŸãã ããã«ãããã¡ãŒã«ãµãŒããŒã®è² è·ã軜æžãããã¯ãªãŒã³ãªç¶æ
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/etc/postfix/main.cfãéãã
smtpd_recipient_restrictionsãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã倿Žããä»ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã次ã®ããã«æ§æããŸãã
strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes relay_domains_reject_code = 554 unknown_address_reject_code = 554 unknown_client_reject_code = 554 unknown_hostname_reject_code = 554 unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 554 unknown_relay_recipient_reject_code = 554 unverified_recipient_reject_code = 554 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_invalid_hostname, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_rbl_client dsn.rfc-ignorant.org, reject_rbl_client dul.dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, permit
次ã«ãPostfixãµãŒããŒãåèµ·åããŸãã
$ systemctl restart postfix
äžèšã®ãã©ãã¯ãªã¹ãã¯æãé »ç¹ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãããä»ã®åæ§ã®ãµãŒããŒãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
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opensslã³ãã³ãã䜿çšããŠèšŒææžãšããŒãçæããå¿
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$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out mail.key $ openssl req -new -key mail.key -out mail.csr $ cp mail.key mail.key.original $ openssl rsa -in mail.key.original -out mail_secure.key $ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in mail.csr -signkey mail_secure.key -out mail_secure.crt $ cp mail_secure.crt /etc/postfix/ $ cp mail_secure.key /etc/postfix/
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smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/mail_secure.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/mail_secure.key smtp_tls_security_level = may
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$ systemctl restart postfix
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æãåºã䜿çšãããŠããã®ã¯ãPOPïŒPost Office ProtocolïŒãšIMAPïŒInternet Message Access ProtocolïŒã®2ã€ã®äžè¬çãªã¡ãŒã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããã³ã«ã§ãã
POPã¯éåžžã«åçŽãªã¢ã€ãã¢ã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã Linuxã®äžå€®ã¡ãŒã«ãµãŒããŒã¯åžžã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«æ¥ç¶ãããŠããããã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®æçŽãåä¿¡ããŠââä¿åããŸãã ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãPOPãããã³ã«ã䜿çšããŠãµãŒããŒã«æ¥ç¶ããã¬ã¿ãŒãããŠã³ããŒããããŸã§ãåä¿¡ããã¬ã¿ãŒã¯ãã¹ãŠãµãŒããŒäžã®ãã¥ãŒã«æ®ããŸãã
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POP3ãPOP3SãIMAPãããã³IMAPSãµãŒããŒã¯ãããããããŒã110ã995ã143ãããã³993ã§ãªãã¹ã³ããŸãã
Dovecotãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã
ã»ãšãã©ã®Linuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯Dovecotãããªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããŸãããèªåã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã Red HatããŒã¹ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¡ãããŸãã
$ dnf -y install dovecot
DebianããŒã¹ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãIMAPãšPOP3ã¯2ã€ã®ç°ãªãããã±ãŒãžã§æäŸãããŸãã
$ apt-get -y install dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d
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$ systemctl start dovecot $ systemctl enable dovecot
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/etc/dovecot/dovecot.confã«ãããŸãã äžéšã®Linuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã¯
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/ãã©ã«ããŒ
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protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
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lmtpã¯Local Mail Transfer Protocolã®ç¥ã§ãã
listen ïŒãµãŒããŒããªãã¹ã³ããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã
listen = *, ::
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userdb ïŒèªèšŒçšã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã
userdb { driver = pam }
mail_location ïŒããã¯
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.confãã¡ã€ã«ã®ãšã³ããªã§ãã æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããŸãã
mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
Dovecotã«ã¯æšæºã®SSLèšŒææžãšããŒãã¡ã€ã«ãä»å±ããŠããããããã¯
/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.confãã¡ã€ã«ã§äœ¿çšãããŸãã
ssl_cert = </etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
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$ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT $ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 995 -j ACCEPT $ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT $ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT
ãŸããSMTPããŒããå¿ããªãã§ãã ããã
$ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp
次ã«ãã«ãŒã«ãä¿åããŸãã Linuxã§iptablesãæäœããæ©èœãæŽæ°ããå Žåã¯ã
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$ firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=110/tcp --add-port=995 $ firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=143/tcp --add-port=993 $ firewall-cmd --reload
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/ var / log / messages ã
/ var / log / maillogãããã³
/var/log/mail.logã確èªããŠãã ãã ã
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