ãã€ãŠããã©ã³ã¹ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒã¯ã空ããèœã¡ãŠããç³ãšç³èªäœã®èšŒæ ãç 究ããçµæãå€ãã®åç©é€šã«ã¯ã©ããããæ¥ãããªããããç³ã空ããèœã¡ãªãããšã決å®ããŸããã ã ããããäºå®ã¯é åºãªãã®ã§ããã空ã®ç³ã¯ç§åŠè
ã«åŸããã«èœäžãç¶ããããã«ç§åŠè
ã¯metç³ã«ã€ããŠèããå€ãã圌ãèªèº«ãããããæãæãŸããç 究察象ã«ãªããŸããã çµå±ã®ãšãããããã¯å°çã®å€§æ°ã®å¢çãè¶ããŠèŠãå¯äžã®æ¹æ³ã§ããã
ThunderstonesãšLavoisierroé³ãšç©ºããã®ç³ã®èœäžã䌎ã倩ã®æãããå
åã«ã€ããŠã®äŒèª¬ã¯ãå€ä»£ããç¥ãããŠããŸãã ãããããdocumentç³ã®èœäžã«ã€ããŠæãæ©ãææžåãããèšè¿°ã¯äžåœã®å¹Žä»£èšã«ãããŸãïŒçŽå
å616幎ã10人ãç³éšã§æ»äº¡ããåæ§ã«æ»ã«è³ã£ãåæ§ã®åºæ¥äºãçŽå
å588幎ã«çºçããŸããã æ§çŽèæžããããŒããŒã©ã¿ãããã³ãã·ã¢ã®å¹Žä»£èšã«metç³ã®èœäžã®èšŒæ ããããŸãã
ãããŠã1768幎ã«ã¯ãç§åŠè
ãmetç³ã«æ³šæãåãããããŸãã«ãã®åºæ¥äºãèµ·ãããŸããã 空ããã®ç³ïŒåœæãç§åŠè
ã¯ãã°ãã°
ãšã¢ãã©ã€ããšåŒã°ããŠã
ãŸãã ïŒã¯ãã«ãŒã·ãŒã®çºã®è¿ãã®ãã£ãŒã«ãã§9æ13æ¥ã®å€æ¹ã«èœã¡ãŸããã ãããããèããã倧å°ã«åãããŠãéåžžã«æãã£ãã 転èœãç®æãã蟲æ°ãã¡ã¯ææã§éãåºãããã®åŸãæ»ã£ãŠããŠãç³ãé»ãšå¯ãã§å¹³åã«æšªããã£ãŠããã®ãèŠã€ããŸããã 倩ã®ç³ã®çŸè±¡ã¯ããã¡ãããç¥è©±ã®å¥è·¡ãšèããããŠããŸããããããã«ã€ããŠã®åãåã¯ããã«äººã
ã®éã§åºãŸããŸããããããŠãæéã¯åœŒãã«ãšã£ãŠæé©ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããäœãèµ·ãã£ãã
äœãèµ·ãã£ãã®ããç解ããããã«ããã©ã³ã¹ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒã¯ååŠè
ã»è¬å€åž«ã®ã¯ããŒãã»ã«ã€ã»ã«ããé±ç©åŠè
ã®ãªãªãŽã£ãšã»ããŒãžã§ãããããŠããã»ã©æåã§ã¯ãªãã¢ã³ãã¯ãŒãã»ã©ãŽã©ã¯ãžãšã®3人ã®ç§åŠè
ã«äŸé ŒããŸããã ãããŠãç³ãšç®æè
ã®è³ªåã泚ææ·±ãç 究ããåŸã圌ãã¯è©ããããããããããŸããã§ããã ãããŠãã©ãŽã©ã¯ãžãšã¯ããã®ç³ã空ããèœã¡ãå¯èœæ§ãå®å
šã«æåŠããããšããå ±åãæ瀺ããŸããã çµå±ã®ãšããã倩ã®å€§ç©ºã«ã€ããŠã®èãã¯ç§åŠã«ãã£ãŠé·ãéæšãŠãããŠããŸããã äºã€ã®éžæè¢ãæ®ã£ãïŒç³ã倧æ°äžã«åçž®ããããé ãã®ç«å±±ã«ãã£ãŠæãåºãããŠå°é¢ã«åŽ©ãèœã¡ãã ãããŠãäž¡æ¹ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯äžå¯èœãšã¿ãªãããŸããã ãããŠãç³ã¯ãã å®å®ãé£ã¶ããšãã§ãããšããäºå®ãç§åŠè
ã¯æšæž¬ããããŸããã§ããããå®å®èªäœã¯ç³ãé£ã¶ããšãã§ããå Žæãšãããããå²åŠçãªã«ããŽãªãŒã®ããã«èŠããŸããã ããã«ãç³ã®ã倩ã®èµ·æºãã«ã€ããŠã®éåžžã«ä»®èª¬ã¯ãç¥ã®çŸè±¡ãšããŠãããç¥èŠããå¥è·¡ã®é«è²Žã§æè²ã«ä¹ããç®æè
ã®æ··ä¹±ãã蚌èšã«ã®ã¿åºã¥ããŠããŸããã ã€ãŸãããã¹ãŠãè¿·ä¿¡ã®ããã§ããã ãããŠããã©ã³ã¹ç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒã¯è¿·ä¿¡ãæŠã矩åã§ãããšèããŸããã
ãããã¯ç解ã§ããŸãã çµå±ãmetç³ã®å ±åã«å ããŠã圌ãã¯ä»¥äžãåãåããŸããïŒ1123幎ããã³ãªãŒ1äžã®æ²»äžäžã§ããžã§ããã¢ããã¬ã€ãŠãæžããŠããããã«ãæµ·äžè¹ã«äŒŒãèªç©ºæ©ããã³ãã³äžã«çŸããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®éŠéœã®äžå¿ã«åæ³ããŸããã 人ã
ã¯ããŒãã¯ãããæ©ããã ãã³ãã³ã®äººã
ã¯ã圌ããæªéã®äœ¿è
ã ãšèãããã ãºã®ãšã€ãªã¢ã³ãdræ»ãããã è¹ã«æ®ã£ãè
ã¯ããŒããåãèœãšããé£ã³å»ã£ãã é·å¹Žã«ããã£ãŠãããªã¹ãã«ã®æäŒã¯ãããªãã幎代èšã«åŸã£ãŠãããªãããã®ãã¢ã«ã倩åœã®anchorãã§äœãããç¬ç¹ã®æ Œåãæã£ãŠããŸããã 圌ã¯å®æçãªäŒæäžã«1214幎ã«ãé£è¡è¹ãããããŒãã§éããããç³ã®å±±ã«ãã£ãããšæãŸããŸããã
ãã®å ±åæžã¯é·å¹Žãmetç³ã®ç 究ãšãããã®å°çå€èµ·æºã®è°è«ãçŠæ¢ãããšããç¥è©±ãåºãŸã£ãŠããŸãã å®éãããã¯ããã§ã¯ãªãããã®ã¬ããŒãèªäœã¯æŽå²çãªææžã®æ§æ Œãæããããã®ãããªçŸè±¡ã®ãããªã調æ»ã®å¿
èŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠãç§åŠã¢ã«ãããŒã®ãåžžåç§æžãã§ããJ. de Fouchiã«ããã³ã¡ã³ããšãšãã«1772幎ã«ã®ã¿çºè¡ãããŸããã äžæ¹ãMeç³ã¯èœäžãç¶ãããmetç³ã®ç¶ããšãªã£ããã§ã³ã®ç§åŠè
ã¢ãŒãã¹ãã»ãã©ããïŒãŸãã¯ããã奜ããã©ãããŒïŒãèœäžãå§ãããšããããã€ãã®metç³ããšãŒãããã§èœäžããŸããã
åç©åŠè
ã§ã¯ãªãåŒè·å£«ã§ããHladniã¯ããã®ä»¶ãæ¢åµãšããŠåãäžããäœçŸäººãã®èšŒäººãšã®èšŒèšã系統çã«é¢æ¥ãå§ããŸããã ãããã«ã¯å€ãã®ãã£ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãäžæ¬æãªå¡ãçŽããçµµã®èãããããããŸãªåã錻ã§ã®é転ããããŸããã ããããããããã¹ãŠã®ãŽãã®äžã«ã¯ãåžžã«äžèŽããéšåããããŸããã ãããŠããããã®è©³çŽ°ã¯çãäœå°ããããŸããã§ããïŒç³ã¯æ¬åœã«ç©ºããèœã¡ãŸããã ãããŠåœŒã¯ãç³ã®èœäžãšç«ã®çã®éã®é¢ä¿ãæ確ã«ç¢ºç«ããŸããã ãã®æãŸã§ã«ãç«ã®çã«ã€ããŠäœãããã§ã«ç¥ãããŠããŸããã 1718幎3æ19æ¥ãæããè»ããã³ãã³äžç©ºãèµ°è¡ãããã®é£è¡ã¯ãã¬ãŒã«ãã£ãŠèŠ³æž¬ãããŸããããã¬ãŒã¯ãåœæã®ååããã®åã«ã¡ãªãã§ä»ãããããŸãã«ãã®ååã§ãã ãããŠããããã®èŠ³å¯ã¯èšè¿°çãªãã®ã ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãã-è»ãŸã§ã®è·é¢ãšé£è¡ã®é«ãã決å®ããããšãã§ããéåžžã«å€§ããããšãå€æããŸããã ããã¯ãã¹ãŠèšã£ãïŒç³ã¯å°çã®å€§æ°ã®å€ããé£ã¶ã
3ç³ã«å¯ŸããæåŸã®åèŠã¯ã1803幎4æ26æ¥ãããªãã160 kmã®ãã«ãã³ãã£ãŒã®ãšãŒã°ã«åžä»è¿ã§çºçããmetç³éšã®ç 究ã«ãã£ãŠææãããŸããã ããã¯ãèœç³ã®å®å®èµ·æºã確èªãããžã£ã³ã»ãããã£ã¹ãã»ãã€ãªã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããŸããã
ç§ã¯èªåã®æèŠã«åãããªããå€éšã®èšŒäººã«ãªãããã£ãã®ã§ã仮説ãäžããããšãªããäºå®ããã®ãŸãŸè¿°ã¹ãããšããŸãã...人ã
ã«ãã£ãŠèŠ³å¯ãããæãçããçŸè±¡ã®å®å
šãªèšŒæ ã蚌æããããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸã...ãã®çŸè±¡ãé©åã«èª¿æ»ããããã«ãååãªèª¬æããããŸããã ç¥èã®è±å¯ãªäººã ãããã®ãããªåæ°ãæã£ãŠããŸãã ã€ã°ãã©ãã¹ã®çãããçåã®ãã¹ãŠã§ã圌ãã¯ç²ç®çã«ä¿¡ããæºåãã§ããŠãããååŠæŽã®äººã
ããã¹ãŠã決å®ããçã®ç§åŠè
ã ãããã¹ãŠã調æ»ããããšãã§ããŸãã
J.-B. ãã€ãª
Meç³ãæµæãmetç³word
ç³ãšããèšè
ã¯èª°ã«ã§ãç¥ãããŠããŸããããã°ãã°èª€ã£ãŠäœ¿çšãããŸãã ãèŠãªãããmetç³ãé£ãã§ããïŒããšãããã¬ãŒãºãèãããšãã§ããŸããæã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã¯æã«èœã¡ãmetç³ã®çµæãšããŠåœ¢æãããããšãèªãã§ãã ããã ãããã
metç³ã¯å®å®èµ·æºã®ç©äœã§ããã倧ããªå€©äœã®è¡šé¢ã«èœã¡ãŠããŸãã ããã¯
ãã§ã«èµ·ãã£ã
転åã®çµæã§ãã
å°çïŒãŸãã¯å¥ã®ææãè¡æãå°ææãå°ææïŒã«èœã¡ãåã®äœèªäœã¯ã
æµæäœãšåŒã°ããŸãã ãããŠãæµæãééããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ãããã倧æ°çŸè±¡ã¯ãæµæãšåŒã°ããŸããã
æµæ ããŸãã¯
ç«ã®çã®æ§è³ªãæã£ãŠããå Žåãããã¯ãç
ã®åŽç
ã䌎ãç©ããç«ã®çã®ããã«èŠãã倧èŠæš¡ãªçŸè±¡ã§ãããå€ãã®å Žåãå£whiãã¯ã©ãã·ã¥ãªã©ã®é³ã®çŸè±¡ã䌎ããŸã
ãããŠmetç³ãšã¯ãèœäžããŠç¬ç«ããåºäœãšããŠä¿åããããã®ã§ãã ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãmetç³ã®èœäžã¯ãããªãå¯åºŠã®é«ã倧æ°ãæã€ææã«ã®ã¿ç¹åŸŽçãªçŸè±¡ã§ãããããšãã°ãã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãè±å¯ã«ããã«ãããããããæã«ã¯metç³ã¯ãããŸããã å®éã«ã¯ãè¡çªäžã®æµæãšææã®çžäºé床ã¯åžžã«éåžžã«å€§ãããã»ãŒåžžã«10 km / sãè¶
ããŸãã ãããŠããã®é床ã§ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ããã£ã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯50 MJã§ãããããã¯éã®èžçºç±ã®æ°åã§ãã ãããã£ãŠã倧æ°ã®ãªãææãŸãã¯è¡æã®è¡šé¢ãšã®è¡çªã®çµæãšããŠãæµæã¯å®å
šã«ååšããªããªããŸã-è¡çªäžã«ç±ã«å€æããããšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ãããèžçºãããç¹å®ã®æ°
ã®å²©ç³ãèžçºãããŸãã ãã®éã«åœ¢æãããéç±ãããé«åºŠã«å§çž®ãããèžæ°ã®èšåŒµã¯åŒ·åãªççºã§ããããã®çµæã¯
è¡çªã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®åœ¢æã§ãã ãããŠãsmallestç³ã®å
ã®ç©è³ªã¯ãæå°ã®ãã¹ãç²åã®åœ¢ã§åçž®ããåšãã«èœã¡ãŸãã
å®éãæãžã®æµæã®æå°çºççã¯2.4 km / sïŒ2çªç®ã®ç©ºéïŒã§ãããå°ããªææã§ã¯ããã«å°ãããªããŸãã ãã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæŸåºçã§ã¯ãmetç³ãå®å
šã«èžçºãããã®ã«ååã§ã¯ãããŸããã ããã«ããããããããã®ãããªé床ã§èœã¡ã確çã¯éåžžã«å°ããã®ã§ãæé¢ãŸãã¯å°ææã®è¡šé¢ã§metç³ãèŠã€ããå¯èœæ§ã¯ãããã§ãã
倧æ°ã®ããææã«èœã¡ããšãçµµã¯å®å
šã«å€ãããŸãã Airç³ã«å¯Ÿããçžå¯Ÿé床ãæ°äžããæ°åäžã±ã«ãã³ã®æž©åºŠã«çžåœãã空æ°ååã¯ãäœã®è¡šé¢ã«è¡çªãããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãäœã«äŒããŸãã ããããè·³ãè¿ãã圌ãã¯è¿ã¥ããŠããæµãã«åãã£ãŠçªé²ãããããå§çž®ããååã®äžŠé²éåã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ··oticãšããç±ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å€æããŸãã è¡ææ³¢ã圢æããã空æ°ãç°åžžãªæž©åºŠã«å ç±ããããã©ãºãã«ãªããŸãã ãã®æŸå°ã¯æµæäœã®è¡šé¢ãå ç±ããããã溶ãããèžæ°ã«å€æããŸããèžæ°ã¯ã溶ããå°æ»Žãšäžç·ã«ãå
¥ã£ãŠããæµãã«ãã£ãŠçŽã¡ã«éã³å»ãããŸãã
ã¢ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšåŒã°ãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ãmetç³ã®è¡šé¢ããã®ç©è³ªã®æ¿ããã¢ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã éåžžã«é«æž©ã®ããã空æ°ãšmetç³ã®èžæ°ã¯å€§éšåãã€ãªã³åãããŸããã€ãŸãããã©ãºãã§ãã
ã¢ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®çµæãå°ããªæµæãå®å
šã«èžçºããŸãã 倧ããªäœã«ã¯èžçºããæéããªãããã®æ®ãã¯åæ質éã®æ°ããŒã»ã³ããè¶
ããªãããšãå€ãããå®å
šãã«ãªããŸã§é床ã倱ãæéããããŸãããã®åŸãèªç±èœäžã®é床ãŸã§å¯ãªå±€ã§ããã倱ããææã®èŠ³æž¬è
ã®è¶³å
ã§å°çã«èœäžããŸãïŒaã¯ããã«é »ç¹ã«-ããã€ãã®èéã沌å°ãæµ·ãŸãã¯å極ã®æ°·ã®äžã§ïŒã
ããããmetç³ã¯ã¢ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã ãã§ãªããå
¥ã£ãŠããè¶
é«éã¹ããªãŒã ã®å·šå€§ãªç©ºåã«ããããããŸãã éåžžã«èä¹
æ§ã®ãããªããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¿ã«èããããšãã§ããŸãã ãã以å€ã®å Žåã¯ãäœãé¢çœããããããŸãã å®å®ã®å²©ã¯ãã©ãã©ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããããã¯ãã®ç Žçã«äœçšããè² è·ãæžãããŸããã ããã©ãããããããã¯å€§æ°å¯åºŠã®å¢å ãšãšãã«æé·ãããããç²ç ãç¶ç¶ããéªåŽ©ã®ãããªç¹åŸŽãç²åŸããŸããåæã®äœã®ä»£ããã«ãä»ã§ã¯éªåŽ©ã®ãããªå¢å ããæ£é¢ã®æåãåãããŸããŸãç²ç ãããç Žçã®çŸ€ãããããŸãã ãã®çµæã矀ãå
šäœãçæéã§å®å
šã«æå¶ããããã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒãç±ã«ãªããŸãã
çµæã¯metç³ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®åœ¢ææãšã»ãŒåãã§ãããã®ç±ãšãã«ã®ãŒã¯ãã¹ãŠã®metç³ç©è³ªãé«æž©ãã©ãºãã«å€ãããã®èšåŒµã¯ççºã§ããããã®åã¯æ žççºã«å¹æµãããããããè¶
ããããšãããããŸãã ãã®ççºã ããå°é¢ã§ã¯ãªãã空æ°ã§ãã ã©ãããããã®ãããªççºã¯ã1908幎ã®æåãªãã³ã°ãŒã¹ã«ã®ã€ãã³ãã§çºçããŸããã ããªã倧ãããåæã«å£ããããäœã§ãããæ°·ã®ãããªåœææ žãŸãã¯ç·©ãççŽ è³ªã³ã³ãã©ã€ãã§ãã£ãå¯èœæ§ãããããã¡ãŒã«ã»ãã³ãïŒãŸãã¯ãã¯ãºãã³ã®æ¯ãïŒã®ççºäžã«æŸåºãããã®ãšåã次æ°ã®éåãšãã«ã®ãŒãæããŠããŸããã å°çã®è¡šé¢ã«ã¯å±ããŸããã§ããããéªåŽ©ã®ããã«åŽ©å£ããããããã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã空æ°ççºã®åœ¢ã§æŸåºããŸãããããã¯ã人é¡ãåäžçŽã«ããã£ãŠèŠãããšã®ãªããã®ã§ãã ãã§ãªã£ãã³ã¹ã¯metç³ã®ççºãåæ§ã®æ§è³ªãæã£ãŠããŸãã ãããã®éãã¯ããã§ãªã£ãã³ã¹ã¯äžç©ºãé£è¡ããæµæäœãããå°ãããããèä¹
æ§ããã£ãããšã§ãã ãããã£ãŠããã®ç Žå£ã¯ããã«ã¡ã³ãã€ã»ãã³ã°ãŒã¹ã«ã»ã©å®å
šã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã éã®æµæäœãèœäžããå Žåãæµæäœã®ç Žçãžã®æçåã¯ãé床ã倧å¹
ã«äœäžããåŸã«å§ãŸããççºãšãã®å®å
šãŸãã¯ã»ãŒå®å
šãªç Žå£ã§å®äºããæéããããŸããããã®çµæãç Žçã¯ã·ããã»ã¢ãªã³ã¹ããŒãšåæ§ã«éãæµæ矀ã§å°çã«èœäžããŸãã
倧åã®andç³ãå°ææã«ã¯ãå°çã®å€§æ°ã§é¡èã«æžéããå®å®ã®é床ã§ããã«è¡çªããããã®ååãªæéããããŸããããã®ããã巚倧ãªççºãšmetç³ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®åœ¢æã«ã€ãªãããŸãã ãã®å Žåãmetç³ææãå®å
šã«èžæ°ã«å€ãããç¹åŸŽçãªåŸ®ç²åã§ããã±ã€é
žå¡©ãšç£éé±ã®ããŒã«ã«ãªããŸãã ããã¯ãé倧ãªãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æŸåºãšççºã䌎ããªãäœéã®è¡çªã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããå°ããªã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãµã€ãºã®æŒæãé€ããè¡çªã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒå
ã®inç³ã®æ€çŽ¢ã®ç¡çããæå³ããŸãã
Dimensionsç³ãšmetç³ã®å¯žæ³ãšè³ªéå®å®ããå°çã®å€§æ°åã«é£ã¶ç©äœã®ãµã€ãºã¯ãå°ããªãã¯ãã³ç²åããçŽåŸæ°ããã¡ãŒãã«ããæ°åããã¡ãŒãã«ã®å°ææãŸã§ããŸããŸã§ãã 倧æ°ã«äŸµå
¥ãã絶察ã«åŸ®èŠçãªç²åã¯ãç®ã«èŠããå¹æãçã¿åºããŸãããããã®äžå±€ã®ã€ãªã³åã«å¯äžãããã倧ããªåŸ®å°æµæãç ç²ã®ãµã€ãºãšããªã°ã©ã ã®è³ªéã¯ã倧æ°ã®äžéšå±€ã§çããé«åºŠ80-120ã§æããç¹æ»
ããŸãæµæãšããŠèŠ³æž¬ãããkm-ãæµãæãã æ³ã®å€§ããã®å€§ããªå°ç³ã¯é·ããŠæããè»ã«ãªããå€ã®é¢šæ¯ãæããç
§ãããŠã¯ã£ãããšãã圱ãäžããã¹ã€ã«ãµã€ãºã®æµæããã®è»ã¯çæŒã®å€ªéœãšæ°ç§é競äºããŸãã ãããããããã®ãã¹ãŠã®ç³ã¯å°é¢ã«å±ããŸããã 圌ãã¯çè·¡ãªãã«ççŒããæåã«ãã©ãºãã«å€ããããã®åŸãå·åŽãããŠåçž®ãããæµæã®å¡µã«ãªããŸã-éã®é±ãšã±ã€é
žå¡©ã¬ã©ã¹ã®ç¡æ°ã®å°ããªããŒã«ã¯ãæ¯å¹Žå°çã®è¡šé¢ã«èœã¡ãæ°åäžãã³ã®å®å®ç©è³ªã®ã©ã€ãªã³ã®ã·ã§ã¢ãè¡šããŠããŸãã ãã§ã«å°çã«å°éã§ããã®ã¯ãäœé100ãã³ã®å®å®äººã ãã§ãã ãããããã®ããããªæ®ãã¯ãã°ã©ã ãŸãã¯ããããããã°ã©ã ã®éãã§é£ã¶ã§ãããã å°çã®å€§æ°åãé£è¡ããéã®metç³ã®è³ªéã®æ倱ã¯ããã®é床ãšçµæã«äŸåããŸãã
å°çäžã§çºèŠãããæ倧ã®metç³ã®éãã¯æ°åãã³ã§ãã ãããããããã¢ã§çºèŠãããéé60ãã³ã®ãŽãémetç³ã§ãïŒäžã®åçïŒã äžè¬çã«ãæ倧ã®metç³ã¯éåžžéã§ãã 匷åãªéã®ã¿ããæã匷ãç±å¹æã ãã§ãªããé£è¡äžã«metç³ãåŒãè£ãæãããæ©æ¢°çã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãèããããšãã§ããŸããããã¯ãç Žçã®ç·è³ªéã27ãã³ã«éããã·ããã¢ãªã³metç³ã§çºçããŸããã
metç³ã®è³ªéã¯ãé£è¡äžã®æçåã ãã§ãªãã倧ããªç©äœã倧æ°äžã§æžéããæéããªããšããäºå®ãšãå°çãšã®è¡çªã®æãŸã§ã«å®å®é床ãç¶æããŠè¡æã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã圢æãããšããäºå®ã«ãã£ãŠãå¶éãããŸãã
éãšç³ã®ã²ã¹ãçŽ äººã§ããããã¹ãŠã®metç³ãéãšç³ã®-ç³ãšãã2ã€ã®å€§ããªã°ã«ãŒãã«åããããšãã§ããŸãã émetç³ã¯å€ä»£ããç¥ãããŠããŸã-å°çã®ç³ãšã¯å€§ããç°ãªãã ãã§ãªããå®å
šã«å®çšçãªäŸ¡å€ããããŸãïŒmetç³éã¯ã人éãæã«æã£ãæåã®éå±ã§ããã ãŸãããããã¯é·æã¡ããèŠã€ããããã§ãã
émetç³ã¯ãäž»ã«2ã€ã®éå±ã®åéã§ã-éãšããã±ã«ãšä»ã®å
çŽ ã®å°ããªäžçŽç©ã ãããã¯2ã€ã®é±ç©ã圢æããŸã-ã«ãã·ããã¯5-6ïŒ
ã®ããã±ã«ãšããã€ããå«ã¿ããããè±å¯ã§ãïŒ20ïŒ
ããçŽç²ãªããã±ã«ãŸã§ïŒã ã«ãã·ããã¯
éãã·ãŒãã¯
ãã§ãŒãº-ãªãŒã¹ããã€ãã ãŸããããã€ã-ããã©ã»ãã€ãïŒã«ãã·ããããã³ããã€ã-ç«æ¹äœïŒã®æ£æ¹æ¶ã®ä¿®é£ŸããããŸãã ã«ããµã€ããšããã€ãã¯500°Cæªæºã§ã¯äºãã«æº¶è§£ãããé«æž©ããã®äžéçµæéã®æ¥µç«¯ã«é
ãå·åŽã«ãããããã2ã€ã®çµæ¶çžãçžäºã«çºèœããçµæ¶ã®åœ¢ã§ç¹åŸŽçãªæ§é ã圢æãããŸããã ãããã¯ããããããŠã£ããã³ã·ã¥ãããã³åïŒãŠã£ãããã£ã¢ã®åçïŒã§ããããšããã³ã°åŸã«ã»ãšãã©ã®émetç³ã®ç£šãããè¡šé¢ã«ã¯ã£ãããšèŠããããã«ãªããŸãã ãããŠãããªãã¯éåžžã«é©ãã¹ãããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸããïŒ ã¡ãŒãã«ãµã€ãºã®émetç³ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããŠã£ããã³ã·ã¥ãããã³ã®æ°åããã°ãã°åäžã®æ¹åãç¶æããŠãããšããäºå®ïŒ ããã¯ã圌ãã圢æãããåã«ããã®å·šå€§ãªéçå
šäœã...åçµæ¶ã ã£ãããšãæå³ããŸãã ãããšãéå°ææå
šäœã§ããïŒ ãŠã£ããââã³ã·ã¥ãããã³ã®æ°åã¯metç³ã«ã®ã¿ç¹åŸŽçã§ãããéã®äººå·¥ãµã³ãã«ã§ã¯åçŸãããŸããã
ãŠã£ããââã³ã·ã¥ãããã³åã芳å¯ãããMeç³ã¯ãå
«é¢äœãšåŒã°ããŸãã 圌ãã¯7-15ïŒ
ã®ããã±ã«ãå«ãã§ããŸãã ãšããã³ã°äžã«ç¹åŸŽçãªç»åãäžããªãémetç³ããããŸã-ãããã¯å
«é¢äœãããããã±ã«ãè±å¯ã§ããããããã®ã«ãã€ã-ããã€ã厩å£æ§é ã¯é¡åŸ®é¡ã¹ã±ãŒã«ãæã£ãŠããããå®å
šã«ååšããŸããã å
«é¢äœãããããã±ã«å«æéãå°ãªããããmetç³ã¯å®å
šã«ã«ããµã€ãã§æ§æãããŠãããå
é¢äœãšåŒã°ããŠããŸãã
ããããèœäžããmetç³ã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ç³ã§ãã
ã»ãšãã©ã®ç³metç³ã®æ§é ãç°åžžã§ãããå°çã®å²©ã«äŒŒãŠããŸããã ãããã®æ§é ã®ç¹åŸŽçãªèŠçŽ ã¯ãããããã³ã³ãã©ïŒãã®ã¿ã€ãã®metç³-ã³ã³ãã©ã€ã-ãã®ååãä»ããããïŒãããªã¡ãŒãã«ã®æ°åã®äžïŒæ°ããªã¡ãŒãã«ïŒã®äžžã¿ã垯ã³ã圢æç©ã§ãããããã¯ã±ã€é
žå¡©æº¶èç©ã®åçµæ»Žã§ããã现ç²ã®çŽ°ç²å¡ãçµæç©ïŒç¹ã«ãé«ãæ°Žåå«æéïŒããã³ãã®æ§é ã¯ããããææãªå ç±ããã³æº¶èã«ãããããªãã£ãããšã瀺ããŸãã ãããã®ååŠçµæãçããã§ãïŒãããã¯éåžžãå°äžæ¡ä»¶ã§çºèŠãããªãéå±éãšä»ã®å€©ç¶éå±ãå«ã¿ãŸãã æŸå°æ§åäœå
çŽ ã®å¹Žä»£æž¬å®ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ãããè»éªšçã®å¹Žéœ¢ã¯45å幎ãè¶
ããŠããŸããã€ãŸãã倪éœã®å¹Žéœ¢ãšåãã§ããã€ãŸãããããã¯æã«æã€ããšãã§ããæãå€ãç©è³ªã®ãµã³ãã«ã§ãã
æãèå³æ·±ãã®ã¯ãããããççŽ è³ªã³ã³ãã©ã€ãã§ãã 圌ãã¯å€ãã®æ°ŽïŒãã¡ãããçµåãã圢ã§ããããã±ã€é
žå¡©ã®åœ¢ã§ïŒãããã®åœ¢ã§å€§éã®ççŽ ãš...ææ©ååç©ãå«ãã§ããŸãã ã©ãããããããã®metç³ã¯ã倪éœç³»ã圢æãããåå§ææç³»åç€ã®ã»ãšãã©å€åããŠããªãäž»èŠãªç©è³ªã§ãã éåžžã®ã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã©ã€ããšãšã³ã¹ã¿ã¿ã€ãã³ã³ãã©ã€ãã¯ãããããšæ¯èŒããŠãã寿åœãã®éã«èãã匷ãå ç±ãåããæ§é ãå€åããŸããã
ããã€ãã®ã³ã³ãã©ç³eoç³ã«ã¯ãéåžžã®å²©ç³ãå«ãŸããŠããããæ§é ãé¡äŒŒããŠãããããæŽå²äžããããã¯å®å
šã«è解ãããŸã§å ç±ãããŠããŸããã ãã®ãããªmetç³ã¯ããšã€ã³ã³ãã©ã€ããšåŒã°ããŸãã ãããã®å°ãªããšãããã€ãã¯ãæãšç«æã®å²©ã®ç Žçã§ãããå°ææãšãããã®è¡çªã®çµæãšããŠæšãŠãããŸãã
ãšã€ã³ã³ãã©ã€ãã®34ãµã³ãã«ã®ç«æèµ·æºã確ç«ãããŠããŸãã ALH 84001ãšããçªå·ã§ç¥ãããŠããç«æmetç³ã®1ã€ã«é¢é£ããŠãç§åŠçã§ã®çŽäºã¯ãŸã åãŸããŸããã ãã®metç³ã«ã¯2ã€ã®ç¹åŸŽããããŸãã ãŸããã湿ã£ãç«æãæ代ã®å²©ç³ã®ãµã³ãã«ã§ãã 第äº-ç³åããçç©åŠçãªããžã§ã¯ãã«äŒŒãå¥åŠãªæ§é ãããã«èŠã€ãããŸããã ãããŠãææ©ç©ã®çè·¡ãå«ãŸããŠããããšãå€æããŸããïŒ ãããããããã®æ§é ãç«æã®çè·¡ã§ã¯ãªãããã®metç³ã®æŽå²ã®å°äžéšåã§ãããã©ããã確ç«ããããšã¯ãŸã äžå¯èœã§ãã ãããããããã®ãåç³åããããã¯ããªã¢ãã¯ãå°çäžã®åŸ®çç©ãšã¯äœã®é¢ä¿ããããŸããããã®ãµã€ãºã¯ãå°çäžã®ã©ããªçŽ°èã®çåœäœã«ãšã£ãŠãå°ããããŸãã
ç³metç³ã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãäžå®éã®å€©ç¶éãå«ãã§ããŸãã ãã®å«æéãé«ãå Žåããã®ãããªmetç³ã¯éç³ãšåŒã°ããŸãã ç§åŠçãªèŠ³ç¹ããã¯æãèå³æ·±ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããŸããããæãçŸããã®ã¯ãã©ãµã€ãã§ãã ãããã§ã¯ã倧ããããã°ãã°éæãªããããç³ã®çµæ¶ãéã®å¡ã«æµžãããŠããŸãã äžéšã®ãã©ãµã€ãã«ã¯èŒç³çµæ¶ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
ç°åžžãªçµæãšæ§é ã«å ããŠããã¹ãŠã®å°çã®eoç³ã«ã¯ã倧æ°ã®ééã«é¢é£ãã2ã€ã®ç¹åŸŽããããŸãã ããã¯ã溶ããå°æ®»ãšããã®ç©ºåçåŠçã«é¢é£ããç¹åŸŽçãªåœ¢ç¶ãšè¡šé¢ã®åœ«å»ã§ãã metç³ãåãå·»ãé«æž©ãã©ãºãã®æ¿çãªçã¯ããã®è¡šé¢ã1600-3000°Cã«å ç±ãã溶ããŠæ²žéš°ãã溶ãã液äœãšèžæ°ã¯ããã«æµå
¥ããæµãã«ãã£ãŠå¹ãé£ã°ãããŸãã å
šäœã®ããã»ã¹ã¯æåéãæ°ç§éç¶ããããinsideç³ã®å
éšã¯å®è³ªçã«å ç±ããæéããªãïŒç¹ã«ç±äŒå°çãå°ããç³metç³ã®å ŽåïŒã溶èå±€ã®åãã¯1ããªã¡ãŒãã«ãè¶
ããŸããã ãã®å±€ã¯æº¶ããã¯ã©ã¹ãã«å€ãããŸãã éåžžãæ»ããã§é»ãããã°ãã°ãããã§ãæã«ã¯å
æ²¢ããããŸãã ç³metç³ã§ã¯ãéã§æ¿ãè²ã®éã§å¡è£
ãããã±ã€é
žå¡©ã¬ã©ã¹ã§ã-éãšé
žåããã±ã«ã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã åç³metç³ã§ã¯ãå°æ®»ã¯éåžžé
žåãããèµ€è€è²ã«ãªããè¡šé¢ã®äžéšãŸãã¯å
šéšã§å€±ãããããšããããããŸãã
倧æ°äžã®é£è¡äžã®ã¢ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãããsometimesç³ã¯åéç¶ã®ç¹åŸŽçãªåœ¢ç¶ã«ãªããäžããæŸå°ç¶ã«åºããæºãã§ããŸãã ä»ã®å Žåã§ã¯ãmetç³ã®åœ¢ç¶ã¯äžèŠåãªãŸãŸã§ãããããŒã¿ããã®æº¶èç©ã®äž»ãªå¹ã蟌ã¿ã¯ãè¡šé¢ã«ç¹åŸŽçãªæ°æ³¡æ§é ã®åºçŸã«ã€ãªãããŸã-ã¬ãã°ãªããã ãããã¯æãããç²åãŸãã¯ç²åã§æã§äœããããžãã¿ã®ããã«èŠãã溶ããå°æ®»ã®ããã«ãéçã®metç³èµ·æºã®éåžžã«ç¹åŸŽçãªå
åã§ãã
Meç³ãšæ¬äŒŒmetç³metç³ã®èœäžã¯å°çèŠæš¡ã§ããã»ã©çããåºæ¥äºã§ã¯ãªããšããäºå®ã«ããããããã誰ããããã芳å¯ã§ããã»ã©å¹žéã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã ããã«ãfewerç³ãèŠã€ããããã»ã©å¹žéã ã£ã人ã¯ããã«å°ãªãã£ãã ãããŠããã¹ãŠã®åžå°æ§ãšåæ§ã«ãmetç³ã¯ç§åŠè
ã ãã§ãªããããŸããŸãªçš®é¡ã®ããžãã¹ãã³ãææ©å®¶ãããã«ã¯åãªãè©æ¬ºåž«ã«ãã£ãŠãç©ãããŸãã
Meç³ã¯éåžžã«é«äŸ¡ãªååã§ãã æ°ã°ã©ã ã®å°ããªfragmentã®ç Žçã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã·ããŒãã»ã¢ãªã³eoç³ã®ç Žçã®ç·ééã¯æ°åãã³ã§ãããå貎éãªéºè·¡ã«æ°åã«ãŒãã«ãèŠæ±ããmetç³ãšäžç·ã«çŸããããæ³çåã®èšŒææžã¯äžããŸããããã¯
æ¬åœã« metç³ã§ããããšã ãããŠãæè¿èœã¡ãmetç³ãã§ãªã£ãã³ã¹ã¯ã®ç Žçã«ã€ããŠåœŒããèŠæ±ããäŸ¡æ Œã¯ãã§ã«æ°äžã«ãŒãã«ã§å±æ ¹ãè¶ããŠãããåžå°æ§ã®gãããããæ¢æ±è
ã«ãã£ãŠçºå°ãããŠãããããã®ç Žçã®ç·æ°ã¯æããã«åççãªéãè¶
ããŠããŸãã
ãããŠãããã«åœŒããç»å ŽããŸã-æ¬äŒŒmetç³ã
metç³ã®å Žåã¯ãããŸããŸãªãã®ãåããŸãïŒãŸãã¯é
ãããšããŸãïŒã ããŸããŸãªçš®é¡ã®ã¹ã©ã°ãé»æ°æº¶æ¥ããã®éå±ã®é£æ£ãå¶éå»æ£ç©ãç«çœã§å溶解ããã¢ã«ãããŠã ã溶èããã¬ã³ã¬ã®ç ŽçããããŠçã§å®å
šã«çããããªãã£ãç¡ç
çã®ç Žçã§ãããåžå°ãªççŽ è³ªã³ã³ãã©ã€ãã®ãµããããŠããŸãã
æã«ã¯æ¬åœã«é£ããã±ãŒã¹ããããŸãã ãšã³ã³ãã©ã€ãã¯ããã°ãã°ãå°æ®»ã®è解ãš
埮åŠãªçµæã®ç¹åŸŽïŒåäœäœçµæãå«ãïŒã«ãã£ãŠã®ã¿ãå°äžã®å²©ç³ãšåºå¥ã§ããŸãã ããããã»ãšãã©ã®metç³ããã³æ¬äŒŒmetç³ã¯ãæåéãäžç®ã§å°é家ã«èªèãããŠããŸãã
ããããmetç³ã§ã¯ãªãå
åã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
- ãMç³ãã¯è±åŽå²©ã®ãããªç²ã岩ã§ãã , â , , ( );
- , ( , , , );
- . , , ;
- ( );
- å ç©å²©ã®å
åã®ååšã®ofç³èµ·æºãæ確ã«æåŠããŸã-å±€ç¶åãçµæäžã®çé
žå¡©é±ç©ïŒæ¹è§£ç³ãªã©ïŒãåç³
ãããŠãããªãã®æã«æ¬ç©ã®inç³ãããããšã瀺ãå
åããããŸããæ¬ç©ã®stoneç³ã®é¢šåããªã溶ããå°æ®»ã¯ããã®äžã®å²©ã軜ãå Žåã§ããéåžžã¯èããŠé»ãã§ãã溶ããç£æ¥å»æ£ç©ã¯ãã°ãã°ãã®å察ã§ããã軜ãè解ã¯ã©ã¹ãã§èŠããããã®åãã¯æã
æ°ããªã¡ãŒãã«ã«éããŸããã»ãšãã©ã®ç³metç³ã«ã¯ãäœããã®éã®éå±éãå«ãŸããŠããŸããèãã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®è¡šé¢ã§ã¯ããã®éã¯ã¹ãã³ã³ãŒã«ã®åœ¢ã§ã¯ã£ãããšèŠããŸãããããã®ã¹ãã³ã°ã«ã¯ãç£æ§ãšå»¶æ§ã®èŠ³ç¹ããå°çã®å²©ç³ã«ãã°ãã°èŠãããç¡«åç©ïŒé»éé±ãé»é
é±ãæ¹éé±ãªã©ïŒãšç°¡åã«åºå¥ã§ããŸããémetç³ãšç³äžã®éããã³éç³metç³ã«ã¯ãåžžã«å€ãã®ããã±ã«ãå«ãŸããŠãããéoftenç³ãšééãããããšãå€ãç£æ¥å¶éå»æ£ç©ïŒã¹ãã³ã¬ã¹éŒãé€ãïŒããã³éçã¯ãå®éã«ã¯å«ãŸããŠããŸããããããæ€åºããæãç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãæ©åšããŸã£ããå¿
èŠãšããããããæ°æ»Žã®2ã€ã®è©Šè¬-ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«äžã®ãžã¡ãã«ã°ãªãªãã·ã ã®æº¶æ¶²ãšã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ïŒè¬å±ã®ã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢ïŒã®æº¶æ¶²ã§ããã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æº¶æ¶²ãæ€æ»ããè¡šé¢ã«æ»Žäžããæ°ååŸã«ããããçŽã«ç§»ãããžã¡ãã«ã°ãªãªãã·ã ã®æº¶æ¶²ã§æ»ŽäžããŸããããã±ã«ã¯ãã³ã¯ãŸãã¯èµ€ã«ãªããŸããããããmetç³ã®èµ·æºãæ£ç¢ºã«ç¢ºç«ããããã«ã¯ãå°éã®ç§åŠæ©é¢ã«å©ããæ±ããããšããå§ãããŸããã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ã§ã¯ãGEOCHI RASã§ããå°éçãªsç³ã¯ãmetç³ç 究æã®ã¢ã³ãã»ã€ã³ãã¬ããã»ã¹ã¯ãªããã¯ã«åŸäºããŸãããç§ãçŸåšã®ç¶æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠããéããæ€æ»ã¯ç¡æã§è¡ãããã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãè£å
ããããã«ãã® received ç³ã®åãµã³ãã«ã®20ïŒ
ãåãé¢ããŸããæ€æ»ã®ããã«ãµã³ãã«ãéµéããŠïŒç³å䟡é¡ãªãïŒããŸãã¯äºçŽåŸã«å人çã«æåã§ããŸãããšããã§ããmetç³ãã³ã¿ãŒãã¯åã«ç§ãã¡ã®ç 究æãå«ã£ãŠããŸããããã§ïŒåœŒãã«ã ãŸãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®ããã«ïŒåœŒãã¯ãã®ç³ãéçãmetç³ã§ã¯ãªãçç±ãããã«èª¬æããŸãã* * *å°äžã®é°å²æ°ã¯ãç§ãã¡ãåŒåžãã空æ°ã ãã§ãªããä¿è·ã§ããããŸããshieldç³ã¯ãã®çŸãéãæããå°æ°ã§ããEarthç³ã®ããã«å°çã®å€§æ°ãé£è¡ããããšã¯æ·±å»ãªãã¹ãã§ãããã»ãšãã©ãã¹ãŠã倱ã£ãåŸã«ã®ã¿ééããããšãå¯èœã§ããããããé©ãã»ã©ãæ®ã£ãŠãããã®ã¯ããã®å
éšæ§é ã«å€åããããŸãããmetç³ã®äž»é¡ãHabrã«èå³ãããå Žåã次ã®èšäºã¯metç³ã®ã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã«ã€ããŠã§ãã